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아동기 외상 유형이 대학생의 대인관계 철회에 미치는 영향:심리적 경직성의 매개효과

The Effect of Childhood Trauma Types on Interpersonal Withdrawal of College Students with Trauma Experience: Mediating Effect of Psychological Rigidity

이주영|박선미
한국심리치료학회 (Korean Association of Psychotherapy)|2021.04|한국심리치료학회지|제13권 제1호|pp. 75-96|DOI 10.22831/kap.2021.13.1.004

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참고문헌

키워드

신체적 학대정서적 학대아동기 외상Childhood trauma방임심리적 경직성NeglectPhysical abuseEmotional abuse대인관계 철회Interpersonal withdrawalpsychological rigidity

초록

본 연구에서는 아동기 외상 경험 중에서 신체적 학대와 정서적 학대 및 방임이 심리적 경직성을 매개로 하여 대학생의 대인관계 철회에 어려움을 야기할 것으로 가정하였다. 본 연구에서는 연구대상자 선정 방법에 있어서 자기보고식 아동학대 측정도구를 사용하여 외상을 측정하는 것이 한계가 있다고 판단하여 실제 외상 여부를 검증하기 위해 임상가에 의한 1:1 면접을 함께 실시하여 외상 경험이 있는 연구대상 152명을 선별하였다. 분석 결과, 신체적 학대 경험이 많을수록 대인관계 철회가 감소하는 경향이 있었고, 심리적 경직성의 매개효과는 나타나지 않았다. 정서적 학대는 심리적 경직성을 매개로 대인관계 철회에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면 방임은 심리적 경직성의 매개효과는 나타나지 않았으며, 대인관계 철회에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 정서적 학대 경험이 많을수록 심리적 경직성이 높아지며 그로 인해 대인관계 철회가 발생하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 아동기 외상 경험이 성인기 초기인 대학생의 대인관계에까지 지속적으로 영향을 미친다는 사실을 보여주었으며, 아동기 외상의 하위 유형에 따라 심리적 경직성의 매개효과가 달라질 수 있음을 경험적으로 입증하였다. 즉, 정서적 학대의 경우에만 심리적 경직성이라는 기제를 통해 대인관계 철회가 초래된다는 것을 보여줌으로써 이들에 대한 심리치료적 개입의 목표 설정에 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 근거를 제공하였다. 아동기 외상 경험은 성인기 초기까지 그 영향력이 지속되므로 외상 경험자에 대한 조기 발견은 물론 이들을 위한 체계적인 지원 방안이 성인기까지도 마련되어야 함을 보여주었다.

Abstract

The current study hypothesizes that childhood trauma experiences including physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, would cause interpersonal withdrawal in college students, with psychological rigidity working as a mediating factor. Since self- reported child abuse measurement tools are limited in qualitatively studying trauma, the current study employed one-on-one clinical interviews on 152 subjects with trauma experiences. The analysis revealed that interpersonal withdrawal tends to decline when there are more physical abuse experiences, although the study found no mediating effect of psychological rigidity. Emotional abuse significantly influenced interpersonal withdrawal mediated by psychological rigidity. However, neglect directly affected interpersonal withdrawal with no mediating effect. That is, more experiences of emotional abuse increase psychological rigidity, which in turn creates interpersonal withdrawal. The current study indicates that trauma experiences during childhood continue to impact interpersonal relationships in college students in their early adulthood. It also provides an empirical support that different mediating effects of psychological rigidity are found depending on the subtype of childhood trauma. That is, by showing that emotional abuse is the only type of abuse leading to interpersonal withdrawal through psychological rigidity, the current study offers information that may be useful in establishing goals for psychotherapeutic interventions for such patients. The current study demonstrates that early discovery of childhood trauma is necessary because negative outcomes of such experiences can continue into early adulthood, in addition to the need for continued systematic support for patients in their early adulthood.

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