집단압력이 호오차원인상(好惡次元印象)과 화친차원인상(和親次元印象)의 판단에 미치는 영향의 차이
The Differential Effects of Group Pressure on Favorableness Impression and Likableness Impression
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초록
타인에 대한 好馬次元印象은 社會的 規準에 따라, 和説次元印像은 個人的規準에 따라, 연인상된단어 이루어질 것이라는 가설을 Asch(1951)의 同調行動 장면에서 검증하였다. 好惡度値와 和親度値가 대체로 같은 단어들을 正ㆍ偵의 單語集團에서 선정하여 각각 4단어로 이루어진 單語組合을 구성하고 이러한 單語組에 대한 好惡次元印象評定値와 和親次元印象評定値를 각각 10명의 피험자에게서 산출하였다. 이러한 印象評定値를 기초로 그 1 頰準催差의 尺度値에 3명의 僞裝被驗者를 통해 集醐擞力을 가한 조건을 선정하고 각 20명의 순수 피험자에게서 好惡次元印象과 和親次元印象을 평정토록 하였다. 그 결과 好惡判斷集團의 인상평정치가 和親判斷集關의 그것보다 集湖肥力値에 더 가까웠으며, 好惡判斷集糊의 集團壓力에의 同調量이 和沌判斷集團에 서보다 많았다. 또한 好惡判斷集團의 인상평정치의 集團內 變散度는 和親判斷集團의 그것보다 작았으며, 集團壓力에의 信賴度도 好惡判斷集團에 和親判斷集團에서보다 높았다. 同調行動 장면에서의 集團壓力은 자극재료를 판단하는 社會的 規範으로 작용한다는 사실에 비추어 이러한 본 실험의 결과는, 타인에 대한 好惡次元印象은 効果源으로서의 社會的 規準에 따라 인상판단이 이루이지는 것이고, 和親次元印象은 社會的 規準과는 상관없이 個人的規準에 따라 인상된단어 이루어지게 되는 것임을 시사하는 것이라고 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that favorableness impression measured by a good-bad scale would be judged according to social norms, whereas likableness impression measured by a like-dislike scale would be judged according to personal norms. In this study, the group pressure in Asch's(195L) conformity situation was manipulated as a social norm. In order to test this hypothesis, fifteen 4-word sets were constructed and their favorability and likability scale values were measured by 10 subjects. On the basis of these scale values, the group pressures were carried by three confederates on the scale values plus or minus 1 SD points on the judgment scale to 8 out of 15 word sets Three confederates were instructed to report the remaining word set's scale values as their impression. The experiment was conducted in a 4-man 0 confederates and 1 subject) group situation. To each word set, 3 confederates reported, in turn, their instructed impression value and then the subject reported his favorableness or likableness impression after he received three confederates' group pressure. Subjects were 40 college male students and divided into two groups of 20 men (the favorableness judgement group and the likableness judgement group). The results were as follows: 1) the impression response of the favorableness judgement group was more influenced by group pressure than that of the likableness judgement group, 2) the favorableness judgement group showed greater conformity than the likableness group, 3) the response variability of the favorableness group \vas smaller than that of likableness group, and 4) the favorableness group trusted in group pressures more than the likableness group did. Previous research on conformity reported that group pressures in conformity situations have normative influence on group members and that the group members identify this pressure as their judgemental criteria. The results of this experiment were interpreted as approving the hypothesis of the present study.