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행동중독의 이해를 위한 생리․심리적 균형 관점: 다미주이론(Polyvagal Theory)과 동기균형이론(Motivational Balancing Theory)을 중심으로

Understanding of Behavioral Addiction: Consolidating Polyvagal Theory and Motivational Balancing Theory

박명준|신성만
한국심리학회 (The Korean Psychological Association)|2018.12|한국심리학회지:일반 (Korean Journal of Psychology: General)|제37권 제4호|pp. 503-530|DOI 10.22257/kjp.2018.12.37.4.503

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polyvagal theory행동중독다미주이론동기균형이론behavioral addictionmotivational balancing theory
주제분류심리과학

초록

최근 중독의 개념이 물질에서부터 다양한 행동영역으로 확대되고 생물․심리․사회적 측면과 통합적으로 관련되어 있는 것으로 밝혀지면서 기존에 중독을 설명해 왔던 모델들만으로는 이를 충분히 반영하고 설명하는 데 제한점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 행동중독을 생리․심리적 균형 관점으로 설명하기 위해 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)과 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)을 중심으로 다양한 문헌을 고찰하고 종합하여 제시하였다. 먼저, 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)으로 스트레스의 지속적인 증가와 이를 해소하기 위한 노력이 중독행동의 심화와 유지에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 다음으로는, 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)으로 인간의 기본동기인 자율감, 소속감, 유능감, 목표감의 불균형이 어떻게 중독행동과 연결될 수 있는지 설명하였다. 이를 종합하여 본 연구에서는 단기적인 동기균형을 성취하기 위해 중독가능성이 높은 행동을 실행하였을 때 개인의 알로스타시스적 부하량(allostatic load)이 감소하지 않아 다시 심리적 동기균형의 필요가 증가하고 이 균형을 되찾고자 하는 역기능적 시도가 행동중독과 같은 악순환으로 이어지게 된다는 관점 및 구체적 모델을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 행동중독에 대한 생리․심리적 균형 관점을 바탕으로 임상 및 상담현장에서 생물․심리․사회적 측면을 포괄하는 개입이 필요함을 제안하였다.

Abstract

Recently, it has been found that the concept of addiction can be broadly applied from substance abuse to diverse areas of behavior and be relevant with the biological, psychological and social aspects so, models that already explained addiction behavior has a limitation in reflecting and explaining the facts that are mentioned above. Therefore, this study suggests the polyvagal theory and motivational balancing theory in order to explain behavioral addiction in a biopsychological balancing perspective. Specifically, it explained that the continuous increase of the stress and the efforts of the relieving it can affect the deterioration and maintenance of addictive behavior based on the polyvagal theory. Also, it described how the imbalance of human’s basic needs such as autonomy, relatedness, competence and sense of goal can be related with the addiction behavior based on the motivational balancing theory. To sum up, perspective and specific model are suggested that when the addictive behavior is executed in order to achieve a short-term motivational balance, the allostatic load of the individual does not decrease, and thus the need for psychological motivation balance increases, which in turn leads to behavioral addiction. Finally, based on the physio-psychological balancing perspective on behavioral addiction study suggests the needs for the intervention that covers the biological, psychological and social aspects in clinical and counseling circumstances.

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