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스포츠에서의 수치심에 관한 비판적 고찰

A Critical Analysis of Shame in Sport

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초록

이 연구의 목적은 스포츠 속 공적 경험으로서 수치심의 개념과 성격을 규범적 측면에서 고찰함으로써 스포츠에서 경험하는 수치심의 정서가 야기할 수 있는 비윤리적 행위에 대처하기 위한 방안을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해, 먼저 Nussbaum, Rawls, Aristoteles 등 저명한 철학자들의 문헌 속에 나타난 수치심의 정의와 개념을 분석함으로써 유사한 감정이라 할 수 있는 부끄러움, 당혹감, 죄책감, 굴욕감의 감정과 구별되는 수치심의 개념적 특징을 도출하였다. 다음으로 동서양 철학자들의 수치심의 규범적 성격에 관한 논의를 분석함으로써 수치심과 도덕적 행위의 관련성에 관한 긍정적 입장과 부정적 입장을 살펴보고, 이들 각 입장의 바탕이 되는 가치이론에 관해 고찰하였다. 끝으로 경쟁스포츠에서 외적 규제에 의해 선수들이 경험하는 수치심의 정서가 선수들의 윤리적 행위에 어떤 작용을 할 수 있는지 관련 선행연구를 통해 탐색하였다. 스포츠 속 수치심은 다양한 형태에 의해 발현될 수 있지만, 그 중에서 패배에 따른 수치심에 초점을 두고 논의를 진행하였다. 본고는 스포츠환경의 특수성, 스포츠선수의 정체성, 그리고 수치심의 규범적 성격에 대한 상관성을 고찰함으로써 스포츠에서 경험하는 수치심이 스포츠선수의 비윤리적 행위의 원인이 될 수 있음을 주장하였다. 이 연구가 선수들이 겪는 수치심에 의해 발생할 수 있는 윤리적 문제를 예방하기 위한 교육프로그램이나 제도적 장치를 마련하는데 이론적으로 뒷받침할 수 있기를 기대한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find ways to deal with unethical behaviors that may result from the sense of shame experienced in sports by considering the concept and nature of shame as a public experience in sports in a normative way. To this end, by analyzing the definitions and concepts of shame in the literature of prominent philosophers such as Nussbaum, Rawls, and Aristotels, the conceptual characteristics of shame, which are distinct from those of shame, embarrassment, guilt, and humiliation. Next, by analyzing the normative nature of shame among Eastern and Western philosophers, positive and negative positions on the relevance of shame and moral behavior were examined, and the value theory underlying each of these positions was considered. Finally, we explored how the emotions of shame experienced by athletes by external regulation in competitive sports can play a role in the ethical behavior of athletes through related prior studies. Shame in sports can be expressed in a variety of forms, but the discussion focused on shame following defeat. This paper argued that shame experienced in sports can be the cause of unethical behavior of sports players by considering the specificity of the sports environment, the identity of sports players, and the normative nature of shame. It is hoped that the study will theoretically support the establishment of educational programs or institutional devices to prevent ethical problems that athletes face.

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