저가항공사의 운영효율성과 판매효율성 분석
Operational Efficiency and Sales Efficiency in Korean Low-Cost Carriers
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초록
본 연구는 저가항공사의 효율성을 분석하는 모형을 제시하고, 2012년~2014년의 국내 5개 저가항공사 자료를 이용하여 그 결과를 분석하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 항공사 효율성 분석의 도구로 주로 사용되었던 Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)의 한계점을 보완하기 위하여 그 확장 모형인 two-stage DEA 모형을 설계하고, 이 구조에 따라 효율성을 운영효율성과 판매효율성으로 나누어 분석함으로써 비효율의 원인을 구체화 할 수 있는 평가 모형을 제시한다. 일반적으로 저가항공사들이 운영효율성에 초점을 두는 전략을 취하고 있다는 점을 고려하여 운영효율성의 도출을 판매효율성을 도출에 선행하는 계산방식을 사용하였다. 또한, 기존의 two-stage DEA 방법론에서 다루는 중간지표에 대한 가정을 저가항공사 분석에 맞게 수정․보완하여, 현실적으로 적용 가능한 모형을 제시하였다. 추가적으로, 분석모형의 이해를 돕기 위해 선행연구로부터 도출한 결과와의 비교를 제시하였다.
Abstract
In this study, we suggest an efficiency evaluation model for low-cost carriers (LCC). Considering data of five LCCs in Korea for the period 2012-2014, the proposed model is utilized and examined. A two-stage model was proposed to complement the limitations of existing studies, based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is the most popular methodology for deriving efficiency in the airline industry. The proposed model structure can be analyzed to identify the causes of inefficiency by dividing total efficiency into operational and sales efficiency. The sequential calculation scheme is employed by calculating operational efficiency first, and then deriving sales efficiency accordingly, while restricting operational efficiency. This property reflects LCCs’ strategy, which generally focuses on operational efficiency. To ensure that the methodology is realistic, assumptions on the intermediates in the two-stage DEA model were relaxed. In addition, comparison with the results obtained from a previous study is presented to aid understanding of the proposed model.
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