COVID-19 백신의 소아 접종: 우리는 무엇을 준비해야 하는가?
Pediatric Vaccination of COVID-19 Vaccine: What Should We Prepare?
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2020년 3월 11일 WHO가 COVID-19 팬데믹을 선언한 이후 벌써 일 년 반 이상의 시간이 경과하였다. 상황이 곧 종식될 것이라는 처음의 기대와 달리, 여전히 마스크를 쓰며 사회적 거리두기를 하는 등 방역지침을 지키는 생활이 지속되고 있다. 전문가들은 전체 인구집단의 약 3분의 2가 면역력을 획득할 때 COVID-19로 인한 상황이 종료될 것으로 예측한 바 있으며, 이를 가장 효과적으로 앞당길 수 있는 수단 중 하나가 백신으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 델타 변이 등 바이러스의 변이가 계속되면서 확진자의 증가는 기존의 정책을 바꾸는 핵심 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 COVID-19 확산과 관련하여 소아의 질병부담을 확인해 보고, 기존의 국내 백신 정책에서 배제되었던 소아의 백신 접종에 대하여 향후 정책적 대응을 위해 고려해 보아야 할 문제들을 선제적으로 검토해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 소아 백신 접종에 대한 요구 및 필요성, 백신 접종을 거부하거나 받아들이는 대중의 인식 관련 요소들을 살펴보았으며, 국내 소아 백신 접종 정책 수립과 관련하여 안전성, 정상적 발달과 관련한 영향, 임상시험의 차원 등 먼저 검토되어야 할 윤리적 문제들을 살펴보았다. 또 백신 정책과 관련한 대중의 신뢰 형성에 정부의 시의적절하고 명확한 의사소통이 중요함을 제언한다.
Abstract
More than a year and a half has passed since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. Contrary to the initial expectation that the situation would end soon, people have to still comply with safety and quarantine guidelines, such as wearing a mask and social distancing. Experts have predicted that the COVID-19 situation will end when approximately two-thirds of the population acquire immunity, and one of the most effective means of achieving is vaccination. However, as mutations of the virus, such as the Delta variant, have continued to evolve, breakthrough infections are crucial in changing existing policies. This paper aims to identify the disease burden among children with regard to COVID-19 breakthrough infections and review the issues that should be considered for future policy approach to the vaccination of children who have been excluded from the existing vaccine policy in South Korea. Therefore, we determined the demand and necessity for pediatric vaccination and the public perception-related factors for refusing or accepting vaccination. In addition, the ethical issues that should first be considered, such as safety, impact on normal development, and the dimensions of clinical trials, were examined in relation to establishing vaccination policies for children in South Korea. We found that the government’s timely and clear communication is essential in building public trust.
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