코로나19의 발생이 중국관광산업에 미치는 영향 및 대응책
The Phantom and Countermeasures of COVID-19 on the Chinese Tourism Industry
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2019년 중국 관광산업의 총규모는 중국 GDP의 11.04%를 차지하고 있어 관광분야의 지속적인 성장은 중국 경제 성장에 종요한 것으로 밝힌다. 관광산업은 예민성을 가지고 있기 때문에 쉽게 위기에 의해 영향을 미친다. 특히 올해 코로나19의 발생 때문에 고성장을 하고 있었던 중국 관광산업에 심각한 영향을 미친 것이 사실이며 전 세계적으로 코로나19가 확산하면서 중국은 정체 상태에 빠지고 관광은 모든 주요 경제 부문에 막대한 영향을 미쳤다. 코로나19는 중국 관광산업에 어떻게 영향 주는 것을 분석하여 영향 메커니즘에 대해 광서비스의 공급불능, 관광의 이동성, 경제의 불경기, 심리적인 요인으로 정리하였다. 위기관리 체계에서 관광산업은 피해의 감소와 신속한 회복을 도모하기 위해 정부의 지원정책(금융지원, 세금감면, 재정지원, 취업유지 등), 협회의 대응책, 기업의 대응책(산업용합, 내부 위기관리 등)을 제시하였다. 대응책에 대해 보환할 여지가 있다. 첫째, 전염병 대응에 더 신속한 조기경보 체계가 필요하다. 둘째, 중소기업의 융자에 대해 지원정책이 필요하다. 셋째, 취업의 유지도 중요하지만 실업자에게 주목할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 재정지원보다 관관기업의 경쟁력을 높여야 된다. 다섯째, 지방 정부의 소비쿠폰 발급을 통해 지역별 불균형의 발전을 보이며 균형적 발전을 위해 중앙정부 차원에 소비쿠폰 발급 정책이 필요하다. 여섯째, 관광산업의 부가가치 증대하기 위해서는 관광산업과 문화산업의 용합, 관광산업과 인터넷의 용합을 기대할 만하다.
Abstract
China's tourism industry in 2019 accounts for 11.04% of China's GDP. Thus, it is easily seen that the sustained growth of the tourism industry is essential to China's economic growth. Tourism is sensitive, so it is easily affected by crises. Particularly in this year, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has enormously affected of all major economic sectors and had a serious negative impact on the ever fast-growing China's tourism industry, which has brought China's economy to a standstill. The present paper analyzes how COVID-19 affects China's tourism industry and summarizes the impact mechanism by the inability of the supply of optical services, the mobility of tourism, the economic recession, and psychological factors. In the crisis management system, the tourism industry urgently needs the government's support policy (such as financial support, tax reduction, financial support, job maintenance, etc.), the association's countermeasures, and corporate countermeasures (industrial solubility, internal crisis management, etc.) in order to reduce damage and to expedite recovery. There still leaves a lot to do for retribution. Firstly, a faster early warning system is needed to respond to infectious diseases. Secondly, a support policy is needed for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises. Thirdly, maintaining a job is important, but it is worth paying attention to the unemployed. Fourthly, the competitiveness of government-funded companies should be increased rather than merely waiting for financial support. Fifthly, the government should release a policy to issue consumption coupons at the central government level for balanced development, showing the development of regional imbalances through the issuance of consumption coupons by local governments. Lastly, it is worth looking forward to the fusion of tourism and cultural industries, tourism and the Internet in order to increase the added value of tourism industry.
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