외상 사건 후 PTSD 예방을 위한 치료적 개입 및 모델의 동향분석
Psychological Interventions and Therapeutic Models for Prevention of PTSD after Disaster and Traumatic Incidents: A Review
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초록
초기 위기 개입기법들은 자연 재해나 대형사고 등 외상 사건 발생 후에 나타나는 급성 스트레스로 인한 정신적 고통을 감소시키고 추후에 나타날 PTSD를 예방하고 PTSD 증상이 심각해지는 것을 막기 위해 적용되었다. 본 연구는 초기 위기개입 기법 및 모델 중 심리적디브리핑이 주요 기법으로 개발된 CISD(Critical Incident Stress Debriefing)와 CISM(Critical Incident Stress Model)과 심리적 응급처치(Psychological First Aid: 이하 PFA)를 개관하였다. 더 나아가, 최근 PTSD의 치료적 중재방법으로서 많은 연구를 통해 안전성과 효과성이 입증되고 있는 인지행동치료모델과 관련 기법들을 개관하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 심리적디브리핑기법을 적용한 위기개입모델과 인지행동치료모델의 효과에 대한 경험적 연구들을 개관하였다. 끝으로 본 연구는 다양한 심리적 개입방법을 적용함에 있어서 시사점들에 대해서 논의하였다.
Abstract
Early crisis interventions have been applied to victims of traumatic events in order to mitigate decrease psychological distress caused by acute stress from natural disasters or mass incidents, and to prevent PTSD from developing and worsening. This study reviewed CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) and CISM (Critical Incident Stress Model) that are developed on the basis of psychological debriefing, and PFA (Psychological First Aid). Furthermore, this study reviewed the CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) model and its techniques that have been proved to be both effective and safe as a therapy for PTSD. This study also reported empirical studies on the effectiveness of crisis interventive models that applied psychological debriefing and the CBT model. Finally, this study discussed implications of putting those psychological interventions and models into practice.
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