공감 척도 개발 및 타당화
Development and Validation of Empathy Scale
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 성인을 위한 공감 척도를 개발하고 척도의 신뢰도와 타당성을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 공감에 관한 선행연구를 검토하고 공감 경험 개방형 질문지를 분석하여 한국의 문화적 특성을 반영한 공감의 구성요소를 도출하고 예비문항을 개발하였다. 다음으로 전국의 성인을 대상으로 예비연구(n=634)를 통해 공감의 구성요인을 확인하고, 본 연구(n=351)를 통해 타당화 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 공감은 3요인(인지, 정서, 태도)으로 구성되고, 이 3요인은 2개의 하위요인인 인지(역할수용, 감정파악), 정서(감정공명, 대리감정), 태도(진솔성, 경청)로 구성되는 위계적 2차 요인 모형으로 나타났다. 신뢰도와 타당도 검증을 통해 최종적으로 공감의 6요인을 측정하는 32문항으로 이루어진 측정도구를 개발하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 개발한 공감 척도의 의의와 본 연구결과가 갖는 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the empathy scale for adults and to validate its reliability and validity. The items were developed based on the review of the related literature, an open-ended questionnaire on empathy experience, and the analysis of empathy components that reflect characteristics of Korean culture. A pilot test with adults nationwide (n=634) was conducted to identify empathy components and a main study (n=351) was conducted to validate the scale. The results are as follows: among Korean adults, empathy is composed of cognitive, affective, and attitudinal dimensions, each dimension consisting of two sub-components: cognitive dimension(role-taking and emotion recognition), affective dimension(emotional resonance and vicarious emotion), attitudinal dimension(authenticity and deep listening). Therefore, the hierarchical second-order factor model was confirmed. The 32-item scale that measures the six factors of empathy was finalized through tests of reliability and validity. Finally, the significance of the Empathy Scale developed in this study and the implications of the study were discussed.
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