레즈비언 대학(원)생의 긍정적 성정체성 형성 과정에 대한 질적 연구: 근거이론을 적용하여
A qualitative study on the development of positive sexual identity among Korean lesbian (under) graduate students
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본 연구에서는 동성애자에 대한 대부분의 선행 연구가 동성애자 하위집단의 특수한 경험을 살펴보지 않았다는 점에 주목하여 레즈비언으로 성정체화한 대학(원)생을 대상으로 심층 면접을 시행하였고 근거이론을 사용하여 면접 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중심현상은 ‘정체성에 대한 혼란과 인내’로 나타났다. 중심현상의 인과적 조건으로는 ‘동성애 감정을 처음으로 인식함’, ‘어렴풋하고 막연한 느낌’, ‘공감하고 이해해 줄 사람이 주변에 없음’, ‘타인의 반응이 두려움’이 나타났고, 맥락적 조건으로는 ‘사회에 만연한 동성애 혐오’, ‘이성애 중심 사회’, ‘또래 학생들의 부정적인 반응’, ‘정체성을 부정/바꾸려는 가족’이 나타났다. 또한, 작용/상호작용으로는 ‘퀴어 동아리에 가입함’, ‘SNS와 인터넷을 통해 정서적 지지원을 구축함’, ‘상담을 신청함’, ‘사회적 차별에 맞설 능력을 키움’, ‘생각을 바꿈’이 확인되었고, 중재적 조건으로는 ‘퀴어 동아리에서 소속감을 느낌’, ‘긍정적인 연인관계’, ‘퀴어 및 이성애자 친구들’, ‘부모님의 지지’, ‘사회적 인식이 달라짐’, ‘성격적 강점’이 도출되었다. 정체성 형성과정을 분석한 결과, 이 과정에는 ‘정체성에 대한 혼란을 느끼고 부정하고 숨김’, ‘개인적 노력과 외적 변화’, ‘긍정적인 정체성 형성’, ‘긍정적인 관계 형성’, ‘성장’이 포함되었고, ‘성장’을 경험한 후에도 남아있는 어려움 때문에 다시 정체성을 숨길 수밖에 없는 경우가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Considering most studies did not examine unique experiences of subgroup of sexual minorities, in this study, we conducted an in-depth interview with (under) graduate students who have been identified as lesbians and analyzed data, using a grounded theory method. As a result, the central phenomenon was “identity confusion and tolerance.” The causal conditions of this phenomenon included “recognizing same-sex attraction for the first time,” “hazy and vague feelings,” “having no one who can empathize and understand me,” “fear of others’ reactions” while the contextual conditions included “homophobic attitudes in society,” “heteronormative society,” “negative reactions of peer students,” and “family’s denial and attempt to change my sexual orientation.” In addition, the actions/interaction were “joining queer clubs,” “building social support networks through SNS and internet,” “seeking counseling services,” “striving to build my career,” and “changing thoughts.” The mediation conditions were “a sense of belonging in the queer club,” “positive romantic relationship,” “queer and heterosexual friends’, ‘parental support,” “shifting societal attitudes,” and “personal strengths.” Finally, identity formation process encompassed 5 stages, including “confusion and denial of identity,” “individual effort and external change,” “positive identity formation,” “developing positive relationships,” and “growth.” It was found that due to the remaining challenges, the participants encountered situations where they had to conceal their sexual identity, even after they experienced ‘growth.’
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