국내 다매체 환경 중 폴리염화비페닐(PCB)의 장기경향 추정
Estimation of Long-term Trends of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Multimedia Environments of South Korea
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초록
Long-term trends of 11 selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-8, 28, 31, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, 180, 194) in various environmental compartments of South Korea between 1930 and 2030 were predicted using a multimedia environmental fate model, CoZMo-POP 2. The long-term trends were found to be affected by properties of environmental compartments and PCB congeners (volatility, partition coefficients, and degradation half-life). The PCB trends in air, forest canopies, and water generally reflect the trend of emission with a rapid decline after emission reduction, whereas those in soils and sediments show time lags of peak concentrations for different PCB congeners; Highly chlorinated congeners have more distinct time trends than lowly chlorinated ones. Most of highly chlorinated congeners are expected to be accumulated in forest soil, suggesting that it can be an important source of PCBs after the 2030s through continuous air-soil gas exchange. The measured and modeled concentrations were comparable with an order of magnitude, and their congener patterns were also in good agreements. Long-term monitoring of PCBs for various environmental media in Korea is required for further evaluation of simulated time trends in this study.
Abstract
Long-term trends of 11 selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-8, 28, 31, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, 180, 194) in various environmental compartments of South Korea between 1930 and 2030 were predicted using a multimedia environmental fate model, CoZMo-POP 2. The long-term trends were found to be affected by properties of environmental compartments and PCB congeners (volatility, partition coefficients, and degradation half-life). The PCB trends in air, forest canopies, and water generally reflect the trend of emission with a rapid decline after emission reduction, whereas those in soils and sediments show time lags of peak concentrations for different PCB congeners; Highly chlorinated congeners have more distinct time trends than lowly chlorinated ones. Most of highly chlorinated congeners are expected to be accumulated in forest soil, suggesting that it can be an important source of PCBs after the 2030s through continuous air-soil gas exchange. The measured and modeled concentrations were comparable with an order of magnitude, and their congener patterns were also in good agreements. Long-term monitoring of PCBs for various environmental media in Korea is required for further evaluation of simulated time trends in this study.
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