Determination of SCFAs in Food Wastewater using HS-SPME
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this study, we identified short chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) in wastewater using headspace solidphase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Among three different SPME coatings, (i.e., 85 μm Polyacrylate (PA), 75 μm Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and 30/50 μm Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS)), 75 μm CAR/PDMS fiber was chosen since it showed the most successful extraction of Acetic acid (AA) and Propionic acid (PA). The optimal extraction and quantification conditions for the fiber such as extraction time and temperature, desorption time and temperature, agitation speed, sample volume and headspace/aqueous ratio also have been determined. The resulting calibration curve for each analyte showed good linearity (R2: 0.997~0.999) over the range from several ppbv to ppmv except for AA (R2: 0.986), low method detection limit, and good reproducibility in the quantification of the SCFAs. The developed method was applied to analyze SCFAs in extracted liquid from food wastes. The results obtained from the developed method were comparable to those from the method using GC with direct liquid injection. However, the distillation method underestimated the total SCFAs (C2~C6 acids)especially when C2~C6 acids were at high levels.
Abstract
In this study, we identified short chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) in wastewater using headspace solidphase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Among three different SPME coatings, (i.e., 85 μm Polyacrylate (PA), 75 μm Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and 30/50 μm Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS)), 75 μm CAR/PDMS fiber was chosen since it showed the most successful extraction of Acetic acid (AA) and Propionic acid (PA). The optimal extraction and quantification conditions for the fiber such as extraction time and temperature, desorption time and temperature, agitation speed, sample volume and headspace/aqueous ratio also have been determined. The resulting calibration curve for each analyte showed good linearity (R2: 0.997~0.999) over the range from several ppbv to ppmv except for AA (R2: 0.986), low method detection limit, and good reproducibility in the quantification of the SCFAs. The developed method was applied to analyze SCFAs in extracted liquid from food wastes. The results obtained from the developed method were comparable to those from the method using GC with direct liquid injection. However, the distillation method underestimated the total SCFAs (C2~C6 acids)especially when C2~C6 acids were at high levels.
참고문헌 (40)
- 072, "Waste Science and Research, CWM", pp.Aspinwall & Company, 95
- D. A. C. Manning, , J. Chromatogr. A, 770, pp.203~210 (1997)
- G. Manni, , J. Chromatogr. A, 690, pp.237~242 (1995)
- K. Buchauer, , 24(1), pp.49~56 (1998)
- E. Lie, , Wat. Res., 31(6), pp.1269~1274 (1997)
- F. H. Chi, , Chemosphere, 60(9), pp.1262~1269 (2005)
- S. P. Yo, , Chemosphere, 38(4), pp.823~834 (1999)
- O. Lahav, , Environ. Sci. Technol, 36, pp.2736~2741 (2002)
- G. E. Powell, , Biotechnol. Bioeng., 33, pp.570~577 (1989)
- O. Lahav, , J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol, 79, pp.1331~1341 (2004)
- Activated Sludge Model No. 2, 1995b, IAWQ Scientific and Technical reports, "M. Henze", IAWQ, ~, pp.IAWQ Scientific and Technical reports, No. 3 (1995)
- M. C. Wentwel, , Water SA, 12(4), pp.209~224 (1986)
- S. Willig, , J. Chromatogr. A, 1038(1-2), pp.11~18 (2004)
- S. S. Schiffman, , Agric. For. Meteoro.l, 108(3), pp.213~240 (2001)
- M. Abalos, , J. Chromatogra. A, 873(1), pp.107~115 (2000)
- H. Feitkenhauer, , Wat. Res, 36(1), pp.212~218 (2002)
- American Public Health Association, "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater" (1998), Washington ED
- E. v. Munch, , Wat. Res., 32(8), pp.2431~2441 (1998)
- K. Buchauer, , Water SA., 24(1), pp.49~56 (1998)
- H. Kapp, "Schlammfaulung mit hohem Feststoffgehalt. Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band", Oldenbourg Verlag, 86, pp.300~ (1984)
- H. Kapp, , Korrespondenz Abwasser, 39(7), pp.999~1004 (1992)
- R. E. Moosbrugger, , Water SA., 19(1), pp.29~40 (1993)
- Scheer, H., "Vermehrte biologische phosphorelimination in der abwasserreinigung, 1995, Abschlubericht eines Erfahrungsaustausches deutschsprachiger hochschulen, Mitteilungen der Oswald-Schulze-Stiftung, Heft 19", 174~ (1995)
- A. Tangerman, , Anal. Biochem, 236, pp.1~8 (1996)
- Y. Seto, , J. Chromagogr. A, 674(1-2), pp.25~62 (1994)
- K. Kawamura, , Anal. Chem., 56, pp.1616~1620 (1984)
- D. B. Albert, , Marine. Chem, 56, pp.27~37 (1997)
- J. F. Jen, , J. Chromatogr. A, 629(2), pp.394~397 (1993)
- K. Eder, , J. Chromatogr. A, 671, pp.113~131 (1995)
- J. A. Cruwys, , J. Chromatogr. A, 945, pp.195~209 (2002)
- J. Pawliszyn, "Solid-Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice" (1997), Wiley-VCH
- S. A. Scheppers-Wiercinski, "Solid-Phase Microextraction; a practical guide" (1999), Marcel Dekker
- E. Oscar, , J. Chromatogr. A, 1008(1), pp.123~128 (2003)
- H. Kim, , Wat. Sci. Tech, 46(10), pp.9~16 (2002)
- G. R. Van der Hoff, , J. Chromatogr. A, 843, pp.301~322 (1999)
- K. James, , Res. Chromatogr, 19, pp.515~519 (1996)
- S. Budavari, "The Merck Index: Merck & Co" (1996), Inc. Whitehouse Station, NJ
- Z. Zhang, , Anal. Chem., 67, pp.34~43 (1995)
- G. Vas, , J. Mass Spectrom, 39(3), pp.233~254 (2004)
- Test Methods: Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, "J. E. Longbottom", Government Printing Office, ~, pp.EPA-600 (1982), 4-2-057