A Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Chlorine Dioxide andHypochlorous Acid/hypochlorite and its Application to Disinfection Products
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A novel high performance chromatographic method was devised to simultaneously quantify chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, leveraging their similar chemical properties but distinct toxicities. In this study, it consists of a two-step derivatization reaction: The first step is the reaction of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite with 2,6-dimethylphenol in a water matrix to produce 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol; the second step is a reaction in which iodine ions added after the first step react with chlorine dioxide to produce iodine and then react with 2,6-dimethylphenol to produce 4-iodo-2,6-dimethylphenol. It was confirmed that the concentration of 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol produced was proportional to the total concentration of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, and the concentration of 4-iodo-2,6-dimethylphenol was proportional to the concentration of chlorine dioxide. With a detection limit of 0.011 mg/L for chlorine dioxide and 0.009 mg/L for hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, the calibration curve showed excellent linearity (r2=0.999) in disinfectant solution. This sensitive and selective method is well-suited for the routine analysis of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite in water and disinfection byproducts.
Abstract
A novel high performance chromatographic method was devised to simultaneously quantify chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, leveraging their similar chemical properties but distinct toxicities. In this study, it consists of a two-step derivatization reaction: The first step is the reaction of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite with 2,6-dimethylphenol in a water matrix to produce 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol; the second step is a reaction in which iodine ions added after the first step react with chlorine dioxide to produce iodine and then react with 2,6-dimethylphenol to produce 4-iodo-2,6-dimethylphenol. It was confirmed that the concentration of 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol produced was proportional to the total concentration of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, and the concentration of 4-iodo-2,6-dimethylphenol was proportional to the concentration of chlorine dioxide. With a detection limit of 0.011 mg/L for chlorine dioxide and 0.009 mg/L for hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, the calibration curve showed excellent linearity (r2=0.999) in disinfectant solution. This sensitive and selective method is well-suited for the routine analysis of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite in water and disinfection byproducts.
참고문헌 (26)
- E. M. Aieta, "A review of chlorine dioxide in drinking water treatment", Journal American Water Works Association, 78(6), pp.62~72 (1986)
- Z. Zhang, "Safety and efficacy of chlorine dioxide for Legionella control in a hospital water system", Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 28, pp.1009~1012 (2007)
- N. Ogata, "Protective effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against influenza A virus infection", Journal of General Virology, 89, pp.60~67 (2008)
- Cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in the context of COVID-19, "World Health Organization (WHO)", ~ (2023)
- S. Fukuzaki, "Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes", Biocontrol science, 11, pp.147~157 (2006)
- G. Dev Kumar, "Biocides and novel antimicrobial agents for the mitigation of coronaviruses", Frontiers in microbiology, 11, pp.1351~ (2020)
- T. Miura, "Antiviral Effect of Chlorine Dioxide against Influenza Virus and its Application for Infection Control", The Open Antimicrobial Agents Journal, 2, pp.71~78 (2010)
- N. Hatanaka, "Chlorine dioxide is a more potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV2 than sodium hypochlorite", Journal of Hospital Infection, 118, pp.20~26 (2021)
- "US Food and drug administration" (2023)[URL]
- "US Food and drug administration" (2023)[URL]
- X. Kang, "The use of naphthol green for the determination of chlorine dioxide in water", Analytical letters, 36, pp.1661~1667 (2003)
- X. D. Zhao, "Spectrophotometric determination of chlorine doxide in drinking water by bromocresol purple", CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 29, pp.989~990 (2001)
- R. D. Gauw, "High resolution spectrophotometry for identification of chlorine dioxide in concentrated chlorine solutions", Talanta, 50, pp.1073~1078 (1999)
- G. Jin, "Determination of chlorine dioxide using capillary on-line concentration coupled with flow injection analysis", Microchimica Acta, 148, pp.171~175 (2004)
- D. G. Themelis, "Gas-diffusion flow injection assay for the selective determination of chlorine dioxide based on the fluorescence quenching of chromotropic acid", Microchemical journal, 82, pp.108~112 (2006)
- Z. -L. Jiang, "A new sensitive and selective fluorescence method for determination of chlorine dioxide in water using rhodamine S", Talanta, 66, pp.783~788 (2005)
- F. Tian, "Determination of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, chlorite and chlorate in water by ion chromatography", CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 32, pp.522~524 (2004)
- T. Watanabe, "Simultaneous determination of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite in water by high-performance liquid chromatography", Journal of Chromatography A, 796, pp.397~400 (1998)
- H. -S. Shin, "Determination of chlorine dioxide in water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry", Journal of Chromatography A, 1123, pp.92~97 (2006)
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), "Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite", ~ (2004)
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), "Toxicological Profile for Chlorine", ~ (2010)
- E. Ortenberg, "Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology", pp.777~793 (2003)
- R. C. Ropp, "Group 17(H, F, Cl, Br, I)alkaline earth compounds", Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds, pp.25~104 (2013)
- Health Risk Assessment, "Characterization of the Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts Chlorine Dioxide & Chlorite", US Environmental protection agency, 1998
- "The Sydney Morning Herald" (2010)[URL]
- "Ars Technica" (2019)[URL]