명호 권운환(明湖 權雲煥)의 성리학적 사유 - 「납량사의(納凉私議)」에 대한 논의를 중심으로

Abstract

In this paper, I would like to examine the Neo-Confucian ideas of Meongho Kwon Yunhwan, one of the Nosa School in Geyongsang Province, focusing on his writings such as “Napryangsaeuigieuisocha” and “Napryangsaeuigieuichuroksocha.” Nosa wrote “Napryangsaeui” in order to criticize the Horak Controversy, one of the major debates in the history of Joseon Confucianism through a new interpretation of “Principle is one and its manifestations are many (理一分殊).” Ganjae criticized Nosa by writing “Napryangsaeuiuimok” from the standpoint of Rakron, and in response, disciples of Nosa re-criticized Ganjae from the standpoint of the Nosa Schoo to defend their master, and Kwon Yunhwan also wrote the two writings from that point of view. First of all, Kwon Yunhwan ascribed the inevitable inevitability of the phenomena to division (fen, 分) and regarded it consistent with part (pian, 偏) to preserve Li's pure goodness and revive its presidency over the phenomena. Ganjae responded to him saying that Kwon’s idea cannot explain why there are evils in the world. Kwon Yunhwan believed that ever person and thing were born with the Heavenly Nature, so they can do evil for a while, but eventually restore their pure nature. Therefore, evil may exist temporarily in the world, but eventually it moves toward good. In addition, it can’t be said that Li (理) is weak while Ki (氣) is strong as long as Li will return eventually, and it can be said that Li has strong presidency in the world. Kwon Yunhwan additionally agreed that the empty and mysterious state of the mind is due to Ki, but also pointed out that Horon’s argument cannot be easily destroyed if we mention only the innocence of Ki without presupposing that there are the entities of Heavenly Order, Heaven Mandate, or Heavenly Punishment.