A study of L2 learners’ individual differences: The relationships between foreign language anxiety, acculturation, and study abroad experience
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This research examines the relationships between L2 learners' individual differences, such as level of foreign language anxiety, degree of acculturation, and previous study abroad experience. For the current study, a total of 132 university students majoring in diverse subjects responded to a paper-based questionnaire consisting of the three parts: 1) the Background Questionnaire, 2) the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and 3) the EFL Student Acculturation Questionnaire (ESAQ). In order to analyse the collected data, correlations and independent sample t-tests were employed. The results showed that the higher the degree of acculturation, the lower the level of foreign language anxiety. It was also found that learners' previous study abroad experience has an impact on their feeling of anxiety towards L2 learning and their attitudes towards the target language culture.
Abstract
This research examines the relationships between L2 learners' individual differences, such as level of foreign language anxiety, degree of acculturation, and previous study abroad experience. For the current study, a total of 132 university students majoring in diverse subjects responded to a paper-based questionnaire consisting of the three parts: 1) the Background Questionnaire, 2) the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and 3) the EFL Student Acculturation Questionnaire (ESAQ). In order to analyse the collected data, correlations and independent sample t-tests were employed. The results showed that the higher the degree of acculturation, the lower the level of foreign language anxiety. It was also found that learners' previous study abroad experience has an impact on their feeling of anxiety towards L2 learning and their attitudes towards the target language culture.
참고문헌 (43)
- Altman, Howard, "Foreign language teaching: meeting individual needs" (1980), Pergamon
- Berry, John, "Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, pp.697~712 (2005)
- Bialystok, Ellen, "The structure of age: in search of barriers to second language acquisition", Second Language Research, 13(2), pp.116~137 (1997)
- Clément, Richard, "Language: Social psychological perspectives", pp.147~154 (1980), Pergamon Press
- Cohen, Jacob, "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences" (1988), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Cohen, Andrew, "An Intorduction to Applied Linguistics", pp.161~178 (2010), Routledge
- Damen, Louise, "Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension in the Language Classroom" (1987), Addison-Wesley
- Dörnyei, Zoltán, "The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition" (2005), Erlbaum
- Dörnyei, Zoltán, "Language as a complex adaptive system", pp.230~248 (2009), Routledge
- Ehrman, Madeline, "A Brief Overview of Individual Differences in Second Language Learning", System, 31(3), pp.313~330 (2003)
- Elaldi, Şenel, "Foreign language anxiety of students studying English Language and Literature: A Sample from Turkey", Educational Research and Reviews, 11(6), pp.219~228 (2016)
- Ellis, Rod, "The handbook of applied linguistics", pp.525~549 (2004), Blackwell Publishing
- Gan, Zhengdong, "L2 Learner Individual Differences: An Integrative and Contextualist Perspective", Reflections on English Language Teaching, 10(1), pp.67~88 (2011)
- Garcia de Blakeley, "Second language anxiety among Latino American immigrants in Australia", International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20(7), pp.759~772 (2017)
- Gardner, Robert, "Language and social psychology", pp.193~220 (1979), Basil Blackwell
- Howitz, Elaine, "Foreign language classroom anxiety", The Modern Language Journal, 70, pp.125~132 (1986)
- Jiang, Mei, "Acculturation in Realtion to the Acquisition of a Second Language", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30(6), pp.481~492 (2009)
- Kramsch, Claire, "Context and culture in language teaching" (1993), Oxford UP
- Lababidi, Rola, "Language Anxiety: A Case Study of the Perceptions and Experiences of Students of English as a Foreign Language in a Higher Education Institution in the United Arab Emirates", English Language Teaching, 9(9), pp.185~198 (2016)
- Lado, Robert, "Culture bound: Bridging the gap in language teaching", pp.52~63 (1986), Cambridge UP
- Lightbown, Patsy, "How Languages are Learned" (2013), Oxford UP
- Liu, Meihua, "An Exploration of Foreign Language Anxiety and English Learning Motivation", Education Research International, 2011, pp.1~8 (2011)
- MacIntyre, Peter, "Affect in foreign language and second language learning", pp.24~45 (1998), McGraw-Hill
- MacIntyre, Peter, "Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique", The Modern Language Journal, 75, pp.296~304 (1991)
- Masgoret, Anne-Marie, "A Causal Model of Spanish Immigrant Adaptation in Canada", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 20(3), pp.216~236 (1999)
- McClintock, Kent, "Acculturation process and its implications for foreign language learners and teachers", International Journal of Innovative Interdisciplinary Research, 2(3), pp.1~10 (2014)
- Nguyen, Trang Thi Thuy, "Integrating Culture into Language Teaching and Learning: Learner Outcomes", The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 17(1), pp.145~155 (2017)
- O’Malley, Michael, "Learning strategies in second language acquisition" (1990), Cambridge UP
- Oxford, Rebecca, "Second language research on individual differences", Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, pp.188~205 (1992)
- Rafieyan, Vahid, "Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Pragmatic Comprehension", Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(3), pp.560~565 (2015)
- Sasaki, Miyuki, "Effects of Varying Lengths of Study-Abroad Experiences on Japanese EFL Students’ L2 Writing Ability and Motivation: A Longitudinal Study", TESOL Quarterly, 45(1), pp.81~105 (2011)
- Schumann, John, "Second language acquisition and foreign language teaching", pp.26~50 (1978), Center for Applied Linguistics
- Segalowitz, Norman, "A Comparison of Spanish Second Language Acquisition in Two Different Learning Contexts: Study Abroad and the Domestic Classroom", Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), pp.1~18 (2004)
- Skehan, Peter, "Individual Difference in Second Language Acquisition" (1989), Edward Arnold
- Skehan, Peter, "Individual differences in second language learning", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, pp.275~298 (1991)
- Taguchi, Naoko, "Production of Routines in L2 English: Effect of Proficiency and Study-Abroad Experience", System, 41(1), pp.109~121 (2013)
- Woodrow, Lindy, "Anxiety and speaking English as a second language", RELC Journal, 37(3), pp.308~328 (2006)
- Yang, Hui-Chun, "Language Anxiety, Acculturation, and L2 Self: A Relational Analysis in the Taiwanese Cultural Context", Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 9(2), pp.183~193 (2012)
- Young, Dolly, "Language Anxiety from the Foreign Language Specialist's Perspective: Interviews with Krashen, Omaggio Hadley, Terrell, and Rardin", Foreign Language Annals, 25(2), pp.157~172 (1992)
- Zafar, Shahila, "Individual Learner Differences and Second Language Acquisition: A Review", Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(4), pp.639~646 (2012)
- Zhang, Lawrence, "Exploring variability in language anxiety: Two groups of PRC students learning ESL in Singapore", RELC Journal, 32(1), pp.73~94 (2001)
- Zhang, Renxia, "The Hindrance of Doubt: Causes of Language Anxiety", Internationl Journal of English Linguistics, 2(3), pp.27~33 (2012)
- Zheng, Ying, "Anxiety and Second", Foreign Language Learning Revisited, 2008, pp.1(1), 1~12
