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Uncommon Readers: The Unevenness of Literacy and Learning in Virginia Woolf’s Jacob’s Room

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Virginia Woolf extensively engaged with issues of education in her own time. Her most famous tracks from A Room of One’s Own to Three Guineas all contain criticisms of “educated men.” Woolf brought these critiques into her literary output in her novel Jacob’s Room, which has come to be seen as an anti-bildungsroman. In Jacob’s Room, Woolf’s first self-proclaimed experimental novel, she critiques the male figure of culture and literacy while also showing new female figures of literacy. Yet, not all these figures receive the egalitarian moral force of Woolf’s project. This article focuses on the character of Florinda, a working-class prostitute in the novel. Woolf’s descriptions of Florinda’s literacy problematically move from sympathy to condescension. By looking at the portrayal of this working-class female figure of literacy, this article shows how the unevenness of literacy and learning in the period found its way into one of Woolf’s first modernist novels.

Abstract

Virginia Woolf extensively engaged with issues of education in her own time. Her most famous tracks from A Room of One’s Own to Three Guineas all contain criticisms of “educated men.” Woolf brought these critiques into her literary output in her novel Jacob’s Room, which has come to be seen as an anti-bildungsroman. In Jacob’s Room, Woolf’s first self-proclaimed experimental novel, she critiques the male figure of culture and literacy while also showing new female figures of literacy. Yet, not all these figures receive the egalitarian moral force of Woolf’s project. This article focuses on the character of Florinda, a working-class prostitute in the novel. Woolf’s descriptions of Florinda’s literacy problematically move from sympathy to condescension. By looking at the portrayal of this working-class female figure of literacy, this article shows how the unevenness of literacy and learning in the period found its way into one of Woolf’s first modernist novels.

참고문헌 (18)

  1. Dobie, Kathleen, "Virginia Woolf and Bloomsbury: A Centenary Celebration", pp.195~224 (1987), MacMillan Press
  2. "Obituary" (1890)[URL]
  3. Flint, Kate, "Jacob’s Room" (1999), Oxford University Press
  4. Handley, William R., "Virginia Woolf and War: Fiction, Reality, and Myth", pp.110~133 (1991), Syracuse University Press
  5. Harris, Susan C., "The Ethics of Indecency: Censorship, Sexuality, and the Voice of the Academy in the Narration of Jacob’s Room", Twentieth Century Literature, 43(4), pp.420~438 (1997)
  6. Light, Alison, "Mrs. Woolf and the Servants: An Intimate History of Domestic Life in Bloomsbury" (2008), Bloomsbury Press
  7. Little, Judy, "New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf", pp.105~124 (1981), University of Nebraska Press
  8. Little, Judy, "Feminizing the Subject: Dialogic Narration in Jacob’s Room", Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory, 3(4), pp.241~251 (1992)
  9. Marcus, Jane, "“No More Horses”: Virginia Woolf on Art and Propaganda", Women’s Studies, 4, pp.265~290 (1977)
  10. Marler, Regina, "Bloomsbury Pie: The Making of the Bloomsbury Boom" (1997), Henry Holt and Company
  11. Morgenstern, Barry, "The Self-Conscious Narrator in Jacob’s Room", Modern Fiction Studies, 18(3), pp.351~361 (1972)
  12. Williams, Raymond, "Writing in Society", pp.213~226 (1991), Verso
  13. Woolf, Virginia, "The Moment and Other Essays", pp.128~154 (1975), Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc
  14. Woolf, Virginia, "The Common Reader", pp.1~2 (1984), Harcourt, Inc
  15. Woolf, Virginia, "The Second Common Reader", pp.258~270 (1986), Harcourt, Inc
  16. Woolf, Virginia, "A Room of One’s Own and Three Guineas", pp.1~150 (1998), Oxford University Press
  17. Woolf, Virginia, "Jacob’s Room" (1999), Oxford University Press
  18. Zwerdling, Alex, "Virginia Woolf and the Real World" (1986), University of California Press

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