الجملة العربية البسيطة دراسة في أوجه الاتفاق والاختلاف بين اللهجاتالمصرية واللغة العربية الفصحى

Abstract

This is a study of Arabic simple sentences (nominal and verbal) and an outline of areas where agreement and disagreement occur between classical Arabic and modern Egyptian dialects. The researcher had direct discourse with communities living in the outskirts of the Fayoum district, the linguistic environment in which the researcher lives. A model was taken to be applied on the Egyptian dialects because they are distinguished into two kinds, the dialects spoken bypeople in the rural areas, which are characterized by distinctive dialectic features, and the dialect ofthe Bedouin people, which is closerto classical Arabic than the dialectsofthe countryside. There exists therefore a strongrelationshipbetweenthesemoderndialects and their origins inancientArabic dialects and classical Arabic. The researcher used data from the generative approach, and the descriptive approach to support and add to the depth of this study. Mechanisms of the comparativehistorical approach were also adopted to deal withcases of dialectic changewhich have occurredovertime and place, and to identifylinguisticlawsthat have contributed tothese historicalchanges. Similarly, comparative approach mechanisms were used to dealwith topicsof agreement and disagreement between the grammar andrules of the dialects, and their counterparts inclassical Arabic. The following important findings have arisen from this research: The Egyptian dialects agreed with the classical Arabic language in that the verbal sentences contained two types of verbs, transitive and intransitive. The dialects also used nominal composition consisting of the predicate and the subject in simple nominal clauses as in classical Arabic, but there was a difference in the formation of the intransitive verb which was not found in the studied environment, such as the form ‹)infa‹alاِنْفَعَل ) which was replaced by the form (›itfa‹alhاِتْفَعَل ).