1910년대 식민지 조선 관련 일본 국내 정치 논의의 한 양상 －제국의회의 식민지 조선 제령 입법 과정을 중심으로－

Abstract

This article aims at clarifying an aspect of modern Japanese political history concerning colonial Korea, and for the purpose, analyzes the legislating process of the Colonial Regulations at the Japanese Imperial Diet around 1910. The Colonial Regulations or seirei(制令) gave legislative power to the Governor General of Korea, and made him a tyrannical ruler with all the three rights of legislation, administration, and judicatory. The Colonial Regulations were made as an Imperial Emergency Order(緊急勅令) on theoccasion of colonizing Korea and required approval of the Imperial Diet, while giving way to the possibility of clashing with the Imperial Diet's right of sponsoring legislation. Thus, the approval of the Colonial Regulations became an important political issue at the twenty seventh Imperial Diet. Japanese politics around the annexation of Korea were severely influenced by opposition and compromise between two main political agents of hanbatsu on the one hand and political party(Seiyukai) on the other. On the colonial Korea, hanbatsu expected the independence of Korean administration from political parties in Japan, who were trying to include Korea into Japan's domain. The second Katsura cabinet was trying to finish the budget and other political issues during the session, and Seiyukai, the majority party, was claiming power to establish next cabinet. As to Seiyukai's claim, the prime minister showed intention of yielding power to Seiyukai. Debates concerning the Colonial Regulations at the House of Representatives brought out the oppositional voice against the regulations. Seiyukai tried to define the regulations as a law, not as an Imperial Emergency Order, and impose the expiration date for putting them under parliament control. In the result, in spite of the hanbatsu government's opposition against the legislation, Seiyukai approved the regulations but no time limit, in order to grasp the power at the next term. The approved regulations, however, was established as a law but not as the Imperial Order, and this made Seiyukai and the Imperial Diet have influence over colonial Korea.