영동 영국사 목조보살좌상과 조각승 여찬

Abstract

This paper is a study for wood seated Bodhisattva, enshrined at Youngdong Youngguksa Daeungjeon Hall. Originally Wood Buddha Triad were enshrined in main hall, but now one Bodhisattva and three pedestals have only remained. In August 2011, as an opportunity of Dendrochronology and Species which was conducted by Tree-Ring Material Bank, Chungbuk National University, inscription written under pedestal of main Buddha was revealed. This votive inscription shows that Hongsin worked together as a Jeungmyeong who is required to understand detailed Buddhist ritual processes and Yeochan and Byeokhan took charge of carving Wood Buddha Triad in 1711 at late Joseon dynasty. Youngguksa wood seated Bodhisattva is mid size image, whose height is 83cm. It wears the crown decorated with shapes of flame and flower. Its upper body is slightly bended, and two hands are separately carved. The hand position for this sculpture is that its two thumbs and middle fingers are attached. This hand form is the most common in the late Joseon dynasty’s Buddhist sculptures. This Bodhisattva have a squared face, slightly open eyes, cylinder shape nose, and compressed mouth. The garment drapery patterns for this sculpture are displayed by several lines. Monk sculptor Guemun made a Buddha sculpture for this patterns. As a leader sculptor, Yeochan participated in various Buddhist sculptures rendering projects. In 1706, Yeochan and his teacher Guemmun made wood Seated Ksitigarbha in Ansung Chiljangsa. He donated for repairing Gwaebul of Gyeongbuk Pohang Bogyeongsa and participated in rendering Amitabha painting enshrined at Chungnam Chungyang Janggoksa in 1708. Then, he took charge of making Youngdong Youngguksa Wood seated Bodhisattva in 1711 and repairing Chungbuk Geosan Somisa Buddha in 1713, Gangwon Sokcho Singheongsa wood seated triad Buddha in 1720. Continuously, he made a wood votive tablet of private collection in 1722 and Gangwon Samcheok Samhwasa wood Seated Ksitigarbha in 1726 and paticipated in repairing Gangwon Goseong Yujeomsa Buddhist bell in 1729. Also, he produced Ten Kings of hell of Gyeongbuk Seongju Seonsuksa in 1741 and donated Painting of Ten Kings of hell-5th king in 1744. In addition, he had already appointed office position, because votive inscription of Seoul Bongeunsa Four Guardian Kings shows that Yeochan had official position 'Gaseondaebu(嘉善大夫). From these records discussed above, Yeochan worked actively from 1706 to 1746. Yeochan was born in 1670's and apprenticed to Guemmun in 1690's. He made sculptures and votive tablets as a leader from late 1700's to 1740's. He stayed at Pohang Bogyeonsa in his 30;s. Judging from that he participated in repairing Chungbuk Geosan Somisa Buddha, it is highly possible that he was born or became a Buddhist monk in GeosanFor this paper, I can present monk sculpture school’s pedigree: Taejeon(actively engaged in 1600-1615), Beopryoeng(1615~1641), Hyehui(1640~1677), Guemmun(1655~1706), Yeochan(1706~1746), Chwiseup(1703~1711). In addition, most of temples, enshrining Yeochan School’s Buddhist sculpture, are located in Gyeonggi Ansung, Chungbuk Geosan and Youngdong, Chungnam Chungyang, Gangwon Sokcho and Samcheok, Gyeongbuk Sangju, Gyeongnam Okcheonsa etc. As a result, Yeochan seems to cultivate this area for their sculpture projects.