고려 충렬왕대 鷹坊의 구조와 기능에 대한 재검토

Abstract

In Northeast Asia, falconry has been long highlighted as a game for ruling circles and was sometimes performed as a national event or conducted partly for military training. In particular, Falconry Office, an agency was established to professionally raise falcons, when falconry was actively boomed. In Korea, it first appeared during the reign of King Chungryeol of Goryeo Dynasty(1274-1308), when Yuan Dynasty began to earnestly intervene in the domestic affairs of it. Previous studies explained that Goryeo's Falconry Office prepared for falcons to be collected by Yuan Dynasty and committed a variety of vices because it performed falconry King Chungryeol, so it was favored by him. Recently, it was emphasized that Falconry Office performed various functions related with King Chungryeol's strengthening of royal authority, such as cultivation of close aides, royal guard, collection of property, etc. As noted above, Goryeo's Falconry Office was derived from effects of Yuan Dynasty in the relationship with it, so it might have a relation with Yuan's institutions. In this regard, this paper understood that Goryeo's Falconry Office was originated from Kešig, an Yuan's Imperial Guard, and attempted to examine its identity, by comparatively analyzing similarities in structures and functions between them. Goryeo's Falconry Office could be established as King Chungryeol acquired the status of a son-in-law of the king through the marriage with a princess of Yuan Dynasty. It was operated with the upper-lower dual structure: the central Falconer Officer consisting of managers and the local Falconer Household of wandering people and inhabitants in counties and provinces. In addition, it primarily performed functions regarding falcons, such as the captivity and training of them as well as bringing falcons to Yuan Dynasty, while serving as palace guard of King Chungryeol.