고대 일본의 亡命百濟官人과 그 후예씨족

Abstract

A lot of Baekje bureaucrats who moved to Japan after the fall of Baekje took government posts(官位) of Japan(倭國), according to talents and skills that they had in Baekje(百濟). The Tenji(天智) Dynasty newly established its national foundation, based on their new knowledge. The Tenmu(天武) Dynasty gave priority to experiences and abilities of Baekje bureaucrats who fled from their own country. In other words, the revision of bureaucracy and a series of grant of official posts from Tenji to Tenmu year seem to be very meaningful, in that both of them were privileged measures for Baekje bureaucrats. Based on such measures, Baekje bureaucrats could serve new and various jobs under the law system of the Jitou(持統) Dynasty. From Taiho(大寶) to Yoro(養老) year, not only the first generation of Baekje bureaucrats but also the second generation also played prominently active roles. As they newly engaged in Nihonsyoki(日本書紀) and the editing of statutes, their political position became as strong as the existing Baekje's clans. In considering general problems of defected Baekje bureaucrats and the descendent clans, the most important periods are May, the first year(元年) (724) of Jinki(神龜) and March, the 5th year (751) of Tenpyohoji, when a large scale of Gaesaseong(改賜姓) was conducted. First, a huge scale of official posts was granted to the descendents of Baekje bureaucrats in Jinki the first year, who entered on official careers as judiciaries, by inheriting superior talents from the first generation. Although there might be change in the their status and circumstances, such as promotion of descendants’ individual official posts or the relationship with Fujiwara family, a more important factor was probably the hierarchy and professional abilities of the first generation which fled from its' own country in Tenji Dynasty. The grand in the 5th year of Cheonpyeongboja was conducted, largely because descendents of Baekje bureaucrats and many Dowae's clans asked for Gaesaseong(改賜姓), who used old family names until then. A large scale of official posts was also granted to people from Goguryeo, Silla and Tang. Such a huge scale of Gaesaseong during the Cheonpyeongboja year consequently resulted in chaos among many clans. The fact that the descendent clans of Baekje bureaucrats are reflected in the 『Sinsensyoziroku(新撰姓氏錄)』 is closely related with bureaucratic activities of each descendent. Their Gaesaseong began in the first year(元年) (724) of Jinki(神龜) and had been conducted across many periods, and most of them accepted family names such as Murazi(連) and Miyatuko(造). Two factors which had a strongest effects on the process in which they underwent Gaesaseong were their ancestors' official posts in Baekje and the history in which they accepted Japanese official posts in the Tenji Dynasty.