보몬트와 플레처의 『필래스터』에 나타난 폭군방벌론(暴君放伐論)
Philaster in the Context of Monarchomachy
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Most political plays in early modern theatre condemn civil rebellion as sacrilegious act in accordance with the absolutist monarchical discourse of the time. Yet the armed uprising of Sicilian civilians in Philaster is portrayed from a positive political viewpoint which at once denies the Tacitian fatalism and advocates the Ciceronian activism. This essay aims to delve into this innovative popular politics by putting the play in the controversial context of monarchomachy. Whilst absolutism was an extreme version of monarchical constitutionalism which endorses divine kingship, monarchomachy was on the other opposite of constitutionalist spectrum which sanctions popular power to kill a tyrannical king. It was an emergent political discourse developed by the French Huguenots amidst the Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve in 1572. The political innovativeness of Philaster can also be considered from the viewpoint of a recent post-revisionist historiography which places the early modern popular politics in the grid of a dynamic reciprocity between upward pressure of the people and downward dictatorship of the ruling elites. The essay adopts this post-revisionist viewpoint and argues for the positive political consciousness of the Sicilian people by analyzing it in terms of three contrasting pairs of political ideas: i.e. absolutism vs. constitutionalism, Tacitism vs. Ciceronism, and divine kingship vs. monarchomachy.
Abstract
Most political plays in early modern theatre condemn civil rebellion as sacrilegious act in accordance with the absolutist monarchical discourse of the time. Yet the armed uprising of Sicilian civilians in Philaster is portrayed from a positive political viewpoint which at once denies the Tacitian fatalism and advocates the Ciceronian activism. This essay aims to delve into this innovative popular politics by putting the play in the controversial context of monarchomachy. Whilst absolutism was an extreme version of monarchical constitutionalism which endorses divine kingship, monarchomachy was on the other opposite of constitutionalist spectrum which sanctions popular power to kill a tyrannical king. It was an emergent political discourse developed by the French Huguenots amidst the Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve in 1572. The political innovativeness of Philaster can also be considered from the viewpoint of a recent post-revisionist historiography which places the early modern popular politics in the grid of a dynamic reciprocity between upward pressure of the people and downward dictatorship of the ruling elites. The essay adopts this post-revisionist viewpoint and argues for the positive political consciousness of the Sicilian people by analyzing it in terms of three contrasting pairs of political ideas: i.e. absolutism vs. constitutionalism, Tacitism vs. Ciceronism, and divine kingship vs. monarchomachy.
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