전략산업 외국인투자 규제와 보호주의
FDI Restriction on Strategic Industries: Protectionism?
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초록
전 세계 많은 국가는 외국인투자가 국가안보에 위해가 될 가능성이 높다고 판단되면 이를 제한할 수 있는 법적 근거를 가지고 있으며 투자제한 대상은 주로 국방 관련 산업에 한정되어 있다. 이러한 국가안보 관련 예외조치는 국제법상으로도 이미 그 정당성을 인정받고 있다. 그러나 최근 주요국의 국가안보 관련 외국인투자 규제 강화 조치는 국가안보와 전략산업의 범위를 확대하여 국가안보를 사유로 자국의 주요 산업을 보호하려는 의도를 드러내고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 최근 전세계 주요국들의 외국인투자 규제 조치 강화의 배경과 법안 개정의 주요 특징을 분석하고 이러한 동향이 보호주의와 갖는 관련성과 의미를 논하였다.
Abstract
This paper examines whether the recent surge of FDI restriction on strategic industries in some countries constitutes protectionism. It is not uncommon that foreign investment-related laws in many countries stipulate that foreign investment may be restricted or prohibited when there are concerns over national security. The recent pattern in revised legal acts, however, shows that nations are imposing more restrictions, compared to previous investment acts, on foreign investment in strategic sectors, particularly when the investment is controlled by foreign governments. In the present paper, we analyze the reasons behind recent changes in investment policies and main features of new investment laws of selected countries; U.S., Germany, Russia, and China. Based on such analysis, this paper suggests that nations readily use the self-judging characteristics in determining 'risks' that threaten national security, and are more likely to deter foreign investment in strategic industries; although their true motive is to protect domestic national champions. Thus, the new investment regime is actually based on protectionism, though it is not explicitly revealed.
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