신구법천문도 채색 안료 비교 및 제작시기 추정
Comparison of Pigments and Estimation of Production Period in Old and New Celestial Charts Folding Screens
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신구법천문도 3점(국립민속박물관 소장 ≷천문도(병)≸, ≷신구법천문도 8폭 병풍≸, 일본 국회도서관 소장 ≷황도남북양총성도≸)에 대한 채색 안료 분석 및 이를 통한 제작시기를 추정하 였다. ≷천문도(병)≸에서는 조선에서 널리 사용되어오던 석청(남동광), 청화(쪽), 석록(공작석), 하엽(아타카마이트), 주, 석간주(산화철), 연지(코치닐), 등황, 석자황, 연분, 활석 등과 같은 전통 적인 유⋅무기질 안료들이 사용되었다. ≷신구법천문도 8폭 병풍≸와 ≷황도남북양총성도≸에서는 19세기 중엽 이후 유럽에서 유입된 합성 무기안료인 양록(에메랄드 그린)과 양청(울트라마린 블루)가 사용되었다. ≷신구법천문도 8폭 병풍≸에서는 녹색과 청색에 합성 무기안료만 사용되었 지만, ≷황도남북양총성도≸에서는 전통적으로 사용되어온 하엽과 청화도 함께 사용되었다. 신구 법천문도의 성도와 도설 연구와 연계하여 안료 분석결과로부터 추정한 제작시기는, 조선시대 전통안료만으로 채색된 ≷천문도(병)≸ 18세기 중엽 이후로 추정되며, ≷황도남북양총성도≸와 ≷신구법천문도 8폭 병풍≸은 19세기 중엽 서양의 녹색과 청색 안료가 도입된 후 제작되었다. 그리고 전통안료와 서양의 합성안료가 함께 사용된 ≷황도남북양총성도≸가 ≷신구법천문도 8폭 병풍≸ 보다 제작시기가 빠른 것으로 추정된다.
Abstract
The pigments of three old and new celestial charts folding screens(≷Celestial Chart(Folding Screen)≸ and ≷Old and New Celestial Charts, Eight-Panel Folding Screen≸ of National Folk Museum of Korea and ≷Koudou-Nanboku-Ryousouseizu≸ of National Diet Library of Japan) were analyzed to estimate their dating. It was estimated that the ≷Celestial Charts(Folding Screen)≸ was painted using traditional pigments from the Joseon dynasty such as azurite, indigo lake, malachite, atacamite, vermilion, iron oxide, cochineal, gamboge, orpiment, lead white, talc and soot. The green and blue colors of the ≷Old and New Celestial Charts, Eight-Panel Folding Screen≸ and ≷Koudou-NanbokuRyousouseizu≸ were painted using artificial inorganic pigments such as emerald green and ultramarine blue. These pigments were imported from Europe post the mid-19th century. In the ≷O ld and New Celestial Chart, Eight-Panel Folding Screen≸, only artificial inorganic pigments were used for green and blue colors. However in the ≷Koudou-Nanboku-Ryousouseizu≸, emerald green and atacamite in green color, and ultramarine blue and indigo lake in blue color were used together. Based on both the results of pigment analysis and the study of star charts and inscriptions, the ≷Celestial Charts(Folding Screen)≸ was painted post mid-18th century. The ≷Koudou-Nanboku-Ryousouseizu≸ and ≷Old and New Celestial Charts, Eight-Panel Folding Screen≸ were painted after green and blue artificial pigments were imported in the mid-19th century. The ≷Koudou-Nanboku-Ryousouseizu≸ in which both traditional and western artificial pigments were used, can be dated earlier than the ≷Old and New Celestial Chart, Eight-Panel Folding Screen≸.
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