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국내 목조문화재에 대한 지중 흰개미 피해 및 모니터링 현황

The Status of Damage and Monitoring of Subterranean Termite (Reticulitermes spp.) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) for Wooden Cultural Heritage in Korea

한규성|이상빈|강원철|차현석|임익균
한국문화재보존과학회 (The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Properties)|2021.06|보존과학회지 (Journal of Conservation Science)|제37권 제3호|pp. 191-208

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참고문헌

키워드

GIS지리 정보 체계목조문화재Reticulitermes speratus흰개미 피해 조사웹 어플리케이션Wooden propertyTermite infestationWeb application
주제분류자연과학일반

초록

본 연구에서는 전국 및 지역별 지중 흰개미 정기 모니터링 실시 기관들의 결과보고서를 바탕으로 국내 목조문화재의 지역별, 지정별 지중 흰개미 피해 및 관리 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 조사내용들을 바탕으로 GIS 프로그램을 이용하여 전국 2,805건의 조사 대상 목조문화재에 대한 지중 흰개미 가해흔 및 가해 진행 현황 지도를 제작하였다. 현황 지도 제작 결과, 2018년∼2019년의 기간 동안총 486건의 목조문화재에서 지중 흰개미 가해흔이 확인되었으며, 그중 143건(약 29.4%)에서 지중흰개미 권역 유입 및 목부재 가해가 진행 중인 것으로 확인되었다. 위와 같이 조사된 피해 현황 자료의 접근성을 높이기 위하여 Map API를 활용한 웹 플랫폼 및 웹 어플리케이션을 제작하였다. 또한기관별 결과보고서에서 확인된 지중 흰개미 모니터링 방안으로는 탐지견, 육안관찰, 예찰기, 극초단파 장비 등이 지중 흰개미의 유입 유무 파악 방안으로 적용되고 있으나 유입된 지중 흰개미 군체의영역 범위를 판단할 모니터링 조사 방안은 현재 적용되고 있지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라지중 흰개미 군체 모니터링 조사 시, 대상 목조문화재의 가해 영역 범위 산정 등 현황 파악을 위한염색약 처리 및 Mark-Release-Recapture법의 적용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract

In this study, the status of damage by subterranean termites and their managementaccording to the region and type of domestic wooden cultural properties were identified. This was basedon the survey reports of agencies conducting regular nationwide and regional monitoring of subterraneantermites. In addition, using geographical information system (GIS) based on the survey contents, a mapwas constructed of termite infestation and its progress on 2,805 wooden cultural properties that weresurveyed nationwide. Based on the map produced, a total of 486 cases of termite infestation wereconfirmed in wooden cultural properties during 2018-2019, of which 143 cases (approximately 29.4%)were confirmed to be owing to the invasion of termites in the ground and infestation of wood materials. A web platform and an application using a mapping application program interface were created toincrease accessibility to the investigated damage status data. The methods employed by each institutionfor investigating and monitoring the invasion of termites in the ground included the use of detectiondogs, visual observation, installation of wood specimens made of pine, and microwave equipment. However, it was confirmed that monitoring and survey methods were not applied to determine theterritorial range of the subterranean termite colonies. Accordingly, the use of dyeing and mark–release–recapture methods were deemed necessary to understand the current status, such as calculating the scopeof the target wooden cultural property, when monitoring subterranean termite colonies.

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