중소기업 회계처리기준에 대한 사적 고찰

Abstract

The paper aims to review historically the Accounting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities(hereinafter, the Standard) in the Commercial Act pronounced by the Ministry of Justice as of February 1, 2013 through archival study methodology. Prior to 1996, the accounting standards existed in full compliance with the Corporate Accounting Standards(the CAS) without the exception of SMEs all through the Corporate Accounting Principles(1958), the Accounting Regulations for Listed Corporations etc(1974), and the CAS(1981). On March 30,1996, the 7th CAS stipulated the Special Accounting Treatments for SMEs for the first time in its Clause 93, which allowed 4 exceptional items including the revenue recognition of long-term installment sales on the collection basis. On April 1, 1998, the old CAS enacted by the Korean Accounting Standards Board, not by the Government in the wake of foreign exchange crisis in late 1977, put forward the 5 exceptional items including the income tax accounting. On December 23, 2003, the Statement of Corporate Accounting Standards(SCAS) No.14,“Special Accounting Treatments for SMEs”allowed the 12 exceptional items including non-market derivative financial instruments at cost basis. On November 27, 2009, the General Corporate Accounting Standards stated in the chapter 31 that exceptional accounting treatment could be on 10 items including the waive of the equity method for significant equity securities. On February 1, 2013, the Ministry of Justice promulgated the Accounting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities, not an exceptional regulation but a whole regulation via the positive approach, which should be followed in all relevant cases by SMEs. In addition, we have excavated 9 problematic items including the kinds of financial statements for small and medium-sized entities in preparation for the coming revision of the Standard.