우리나라 연안에서 출수된 고선박 부재와 표류목에 나타난 해양천공동물의 종 식별 및 가해 양상 분석
Species Identification and Attack Patterns Analysis of Marine Borers in Shipwreck Members and Driftwood from the Korean Coast
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본 연구에서는 우리나라 해안에서 발굴된 고선박 부재에서 나타나는 천공 피해 양상을파악하고 가해하는 생물을 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 추포해변, 신창리해역, 비인해변에서채취한 표류목과 신진도해변에 설치한 시험말뚝으로부터 두 종류의 가해 동물을 채집하여 외관 관찰과 DNA 분석을 통해 종 동정을 실시하였다. 이들 표류목과 시험말뚝의 해양천공동물에의한 피해 양상을 파악하여 기존 출수된 고선박 부재의 피해 양상과 비교 분석하였다. 표류목과 시험말뚝에서 발견된 해양천공동물은 DNA 분석 및 외형 관찰을 통해 배좀벌레조개(Teredonavalis)와 부삽꼬리벌레(Limnoria lignorum)로 확인되었다. T. navalis는 목재의 횡단면에서 섬유방향을 향해 지름 3-5 mm 정도의 공도를 뚫고 들어갔으며, 길이 7 cm의 목재가 완전히 관통될정도로 가해하였다. 생성된 공도 내부에는 석회질의 패각이 형성되었다. 일부 표류목에서는T. navalis에 의한 가해 흔적에서 섬유방향 뿐만 아니라 방향성이 없는 공도도 관찰되었다. L. lignorum은 목재의 표면에서 지름 1 mm 이하의 작은 구멍을 뚫고 갉아먹으며 가해하였다. 고선박 부재의 경우 발굴 당시 개펄에 묻혀있지 않고 바닷물에 노출되었던 상단부 부재에서 T. navalis에 의한 가해 흔적이 주로 나타났다. L. lignorum에 의한 가해 흔적은 고선박의 상단부나부재의 표면에서 매우 적게 관찰되었는데, 이는 연약해진 피해부가 바닷속에서 해류의 움직임에 의해 마모되어 떨어져 나갔기 때문일 것으로 추정된다.
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the patterns of perforation damage on shipwreckmembers excavated from the Korean coast and to estimate the organisms responsible. Two types ofmarine borers were collected from driftwood collected from Chupo Beach, Shinchang-ri Beach, andBiin Beach, and test piles installed at Shinjindo Beach, and species identification was conducted throughvisual observation and DNA analysis. The damage patterns of marine borers on the driftwood andtest piles were identified and compared with the damage patterns of the shipwreck members. Themarine borers found in the driftwood and test piles were identified as Teredo navalis and Limnorialignorum through DNA analysis and visual observation. T. navalis bored 3-5 mm diameter tunnelsin the cross-section of the wood towards the fiber direction, and the damage was severe enough tocompletely penetrate a 7 cm long piece of wood. The tunnels were lined with calcareous materialextruded by T. navalis. In some driftwood, fiber-oriented as well as random-directional tunnels wereobserved in T. navalis damage scars. In shipwreck members, T. navalis damage was primarily seenin the upper members, which were exposed to seawater and not buried in mud on the shore at thetime of excavation, where L. lignorum drilled and gnawed small holes of less than 1 mm diameterin the surface of the wood. Very little evidence of damage by L. lignorum was rarely observed onthe topsides of shipwrecks or on the surfaces of members, presumably because the fragile damagewas worn away by the movement of currents at sea.
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