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저습지 출토 수침고목재의 미생물 분해 특징 및 미생물 군집 분석

Characterization of Microbial Decay and Microbial Communities in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Excavated from the Wetland

차미영|김종식|임주원|김민석
한국문화재보존과학회 (The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Properties)|2023.12|보존과학회지 (Journal of Conservation Science)|제39권 제4호|pp. 474-488

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키워드

Next-generation sequencing수침고목재Waterlogged archaeological wood최대함수율침식형 세균연부후미생물 군집차세대염기서열분석Erosion bacteriaMaximum moisture contentMicrobial communitySoft rot decay
주제분류자연과학일반

초록

본 연구에서는 광주광역시 동림동 유적의 저습지에서 출토된 3점의 활엽수 수침고목재(동림 1, 동림 2, 동림 3)를 대상으로 미생물 분해에 따른 해부학적, 화학적 특성 변화를 파악하고 수침고목재에 존재하는 미생물 군집을 조사하였다. 동림 1−3의 최대함수율은 건전재의 최대함수율보다 6∼8배 정도 높았으며 매장 기간과의 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 화학분석 결과 동림 1−3의 회분 및 온수추출물 함량은 건전재에 비해 증가한 반면 유기용매 추출물 함량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 아울러 홀로셀룰로오스 함량은 크게 감소하고 리그닌 함량은상대적으로 크게 증가하였다. 현미경 관찰 결과 동림 1−3 모두에서 침식형 세균과 연부후균에의한 피해가 관찰되었다. 차세대염기서열분석 기법을 통해 동림 2와 3의 미생물 군집을 분석한결과 두 시료 모두에서 자낭균문(98∼99%)이 진균 군집(fungal community)의 대부분을 차지하였고, 세균 군집(bacterial community)에서는 Proteobacteria문(34∼55%)이 가장 우세한 군집으로검출되었다. 그러나 전체적인 미생물 군집 구조와 다양성은 동림 2와 3 사이에 현저한 차이를보였다.

Abstract

Anatomical and chemical changes due to microbial decay and microbial communities inthree waterlogged archaeological woods, namely Dongnim 1, Dongnim 2, and Dongnim 3, excavatedfrom the wetland of the Dongnim-dong archaeological site in Gwangju, were investigated. Dongnim1−3 exhibited a maximum moisture content approximately 6 to 8 times higher than that of undecayedrecent wood, and there was no correlation with the burial period. Chemical analysis revealed an increasein ash and hot water extractive content in Dongnim 1−3 compared to undecayed recent wood, whilethe solvent extractive content tended to decrease. Additionally, there was a significant decrease inholocellulose content with a relative increase in lignin concentration in Dongnim 1−3. Microscopicobservations showed erosion bacteria decay and soft rot decay in Dongnim 1−3. The microbialcommunity analysis of Dongnim 2 and 3 revealed the dominance of Ascomycota (98% to 99%) inthe fungal community and Proteobacteria (34% to 55%) as the predominant bacterial phylum. Nonetheless, significant differences in microbial community structure and diversity were observedbetween Dongnim 2 and Dongnim 3.

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