남원 선원사 목조지장보살삼존상 및 소조시왕상의 채색안료 분석과 색상 다양성 해석
Interpretation of Hue Diversity and Coloring Pigment Analysis onto the Wooden Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Triad and Clay Ten Underworld Kings in Namwon Seonwonsa Temple, Korea
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초록
남원 선원사 명부전의 목조지장보살삼존상과 소조시왕상은 제작자가 명확한 존상들로,1610년에 처음 조성된 것으로 알려져 왔다. 이는 조선 후기 왕성하게 조성되었던 명부전 존상들의 형태적 변천과정을 지시하는 중요한 학술적 자료이다. 그러나 대부분의 존상에서 안료층박락과 균열 및 파손 등 다양한 손상이 발생하였으며, 안료들은 복합적인 화학조성을 보였다. 특히 백색의 바탕층에서는 전반적으로 Ca과 P이 다량 검출되는 것으로 보아 제작 당시 회칠이있던 것으로 판단된다. 또한 소조시왕상의 청색 안료는 발색성 금속산화물과 유리질 분말을배합한 신암채의 특성이 나타난다. 이 연구대상 존상들은 중창한 기록이 있고, 유사한 색의안료에서는 다양한 발색원소가 검출되는 것으로 보아 조색이 있었으며, 덧칠과 보채 등 채색기법으로 볼 때 당시의 시대적 및 사회적 상황을 반영한 재료의 수급과 활용이 있었던 것으로해석된다. 이 결과는 향후 선원사 목조지장보살삼존상과 소조시왕상의 보존을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The Wooden seated Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva triad and Clay Statues of Ten UnderworldKings within the Myeongbujeon Hall of Namwon Seonwonsa Temple are known to have clear creators,and documented to be in 1610. The Statues serve as significant academic resources for examiningthe morphological changes in the statues that were actively produced in the late Joseon period. However, various damages such as exfoliation of pigment layer, cracks and breakages occurred inthe studied Statues, and the pigments showed complex chemical composition. In particular, largeamounts of Ca and P were detected in the white basement layer, which suggesting the existence ofa whitewashed at the time of creation. The blue pigments on the Clay Statues of Ten UnderworldKings generally shows the characteristics of Sinamchae, a mixture of colored metal oxides and glassypowder. The studied Statues have been recorded in multiple repairing, and various colorationcomponents were detected even in pigments of similar colors, indicating that were toned. Based onthe coloring techniques such as over and filler paintings, it is interpreted that there was a supply anddemand of materials reflected the period and social situation of the time. The results of this studycan be utilized as basic data for future conservations on the Statues in Seonwonsa Temple.
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