五峯書院에 관한 一考察

Abstract

In the 16th century, there were two kinds of ruling system in a country village in Choseon Dynasty : a ruling system centering around the local governing administrative organization and a village rule under the local scholars' control, which was formed as understanding about Sung Confucianism and the social ethics and systems was deepening and spreading to the local areas. During this period, in Choseon Dynasty, a central political position of Sarim was more strengthened and Sarim's influence over the village increased. With this situation, Seowon, a private Confucian shrine-academy, was founded all over the country in the 1600s. Obong seowon was founded in Kangwon-province for the first time in the 11th year of King Myeongjong reign(l556), 13 years later when Backwundong seowon, the oldest private Confucian shrine-academy in Korea, was erected. It was located in Obong-li, Sllllgsan-rreon, Ivfyeongju-goon, Kangnllllg-si, Kangwon-province. The local scholars in Kangnoog built it for the purpose of making sure of their governing rules and inner factors of the 16th agitated village more firmly. It were the scholars in Kangnllllg that played leading roles to erect the Obong seowon - especially Seonbis with Chilbong Hamheon as the central figure, such as Choi Deokjarn, Choi Woowon, Choi Woowo, Choi Soojang, Kwon Daegwu, and Sim Um Obong seowon regarded Confucius as the prime figure of veneration, and Chu Hsi and Song Siyeol as the second one. People in general bowed twice in Seowon, but people in Obong seowon bowed four times in accordance with the bows in Suckjeonjea, a religious service to Confucius, for they enshrined the Confucius tablet in their seowon. The religious service was performed twice a year, in spring and autumn. Finance of Obong seowon was based on not only 3-gyeol fields and 20 Moyib peoples from the nation and Wonjik from the local leader, but also spot goods and relief foods from the local officials. It was closed on September in 1868, the fifth year of King Gojong reign when Heoogsoo emperor's father, the proxy of King Gojong, commanded the removal of all non-authorized Seowons in Choseon.