기독교상담에서의 소망이해와 활용
Understanding and Utilization of Hope in Christian Counseling
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본 논문은 인간의 삶에 있어서 소망이 필수적이라는 점과 더 나아가 기독교상담에서 회복을 위한 중요한 자원으로 소망이 활용되어야 한다고 말한다. 이러한 주장을 구체화하기 위해 첫째, 일반상담에서 소망이 어떻게 활용되는지 살펴본다. 주로 인지·행동적 입장과 초월 및 긍정심리학의 이론들이 여기에 중점을 두었다. 대표적인 이론과 도출되는 통찰, 그리고 실제 접근 방법의 내용 역시 전반적으로 이해한다. 둘째, 기독교의 소망이해를 연구하며, 일반이론과의 공유점과 구별점을 찾아본다. 기독교가 말하는 소망의개념적 이해와 함께 구원, 영원, 하나님 나라의 관점에서 소망이 주는 미래적이고 현재적인 유익이 무엇인지 밝힌다. 앞의 연구를 통합하여 기독교상담에서 적용할 수 있는 소망중심의 상담이 무엇인지 세 가지 측면에 집중한다. 우선 소망이 상담과정 초기부터 지속적으로 대화의 내용으로 자리 잡는것을 강조한다. 이것이 가능하기 위해서 상담자 자신의 소망정도가 높아야하고, 이를 질문과 이야기를 통해 확대하는 기술을 필요로 한다. 다음은 신뢰 구축하기로 소망이 자라가는 상담 토양을 만드는 작업에 집중한다. 근본적으로 하나님과의 깊은 만남이 필요하고, 이를 보완하는 상담자와 내담자의 상담관계와 공동체의 필요성을 강조한다. 마지막으로 약속 확인하고 구현하기에서는 소망의 내용이 하나님이 주시는 약속으로 채워지고 그것을 기대하고 누리는 경험을 하도록 돕는 것이다.
Abstract
This paper emphasizes that hope is essential in people’s lives and that it should further be utilized as an important resource to help people’s recovery in Christian counseling. To strengthen this statement, this paper first studies how hope is utilized in general counseling. Theories such as the cognitivebehavioral approaches along with transcendental and positive psychology lay emphasis on this. Representative theories, derived insights, and the content of practical approaches are studied. Second, Christianity’s hope understanding is studied, while similarities and differences between Christian counseling and general counseling are evaluated. The conceptual understanding of hope in Christianity as well as futuristic and modern level benefits in the perspective of salvation, eternity, and Kingdom of God are identified. By combining previous studies, this paper focuses on identifying the practical use of hopecentered counseling in Christian counseling on three aspects. First, hope should be rooted in the conversation from the beginning of the counseling process and on. To enable this, the counselor should have high level of hope and the ability to reinforce hope through questions and conversations. Next, trust building is used to emphasize counseling where hope is grown. Fundamentally having a deep relationship with God is necessary, while the therapeutic relationship and the need for a community is stressed. Lastly, confirmation and embodiment of promises help content of hope be filled with God’s promises, so that it can be looked forwarded to and experienced.
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