본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

창업기업의 혁신지향성이 성장열망에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on the Effect of Startup’s Innovation Orientation on Growth Aspiration

이현숙|김진수|오혜미
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2021.10|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제16권 제5호|pp. 1-14|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.16.5.202110.1

2

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

다수준분석창업기업Startup혁신지향성Multi-level analysis성장열망실패에 대한 두려움Innovation orientationGrowth aspirationFear of fail

초록

전 세계적으로 혁신과 창업기업의 스케일업이 중요한 국가적 과제로 부각되고 있다. 과거 경기침체 극복을 위해 ‘Start-tup America’, ‘Start-up Chile’, ‘Start-up Britain’ 등 스타트업 중심의 정책 패러다임을 확산시켰다. 최근 창업선진국을 중심으로 경기회복이 가시화되면서, 스타트업 중심의 정책 패러다임이 ‘Scale-up America’, Scale-up UK’, ‘Scale-up Denmark’ 등 스케일업 중심의 정책 패러다임으로 전환하고 있는 추세이다. 창업기업은 스타트업 단계를 넘어서 스케일업 단계로 진입해야 국가적으로 양질의 일자리가 늘어나고 경제성장으로 나아갈 수 있다. 그러므로 창업기업을 강한 중견기업으로 성장시켜 지속적으로 생존할 수 있는 발판을 마련해주어야 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 창업기업이 스케일업 기업으로 성장할 수 있도록 성장의 선행변수인 성장 열망에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 심층적으로 고찰하고 국가의 경제발전단계 간, 기업가 간의 차이를 실증적으로 규명함으로써 국가차원에서 창업기업이 스케일업 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 글로벌기업가정신모니터(GEM)의 일반성인조사 3.5년 미만의 초기 기업가들을 대상으로 하였으며, 국가경제발전단계를 혁신주도형, 효율주도형, 요소주도형 경제로 구분하여 R 3.5.0프로그램을 사용하여 국가경제발전단계 간 비교를 위해 다층모형분석을 통해 연구가설을 검증하였다. 가설검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 창업기업의 혁신지향성과 성장 열망의 영향관계에 있어 국가경제발전 간, 기업가 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국가의 경제가 발전할수록 기업가의 혁신활동이 더 두드러지게 나타난다. 또한 창업기업은 기업가의 영향을 많이 받기 때문에, 동일한 환경 내에서 기업가가 얼마나 혁신 지향적인가에 따라 열망의 정도에 차이가 있다고 할 수 있다. 창업기업의 혁신지향성과 성장 열망의 영향관계에 있어 실패에 대한 두려움은 국가경제발전 간, 기업가 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기업가 및 창업에 대한 실패에 대한 두려움은 국가경제발전 단계별로 차이가 있으며, 이러한 국가적 측면에서 실패에 대한 인식은 창업활동에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인 중 하나이다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 규명된 창업기업이 스케일업 기업으로 성장하는데 있어 성장열망에 영향을 미치는 검증된 요인을 국가경제발전단계에 따라 적합한 스케일업 생태계를 조성하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

Innovation and Scale-up of Start-up companies are becoming important national tasks. In the past, it was spread the start-up policy paradigm such as ‘Start-up America’, ‘Start-up Chile’, ‘Start-up Britain’ to overcome the recession globally. However as the economic recovery has become more visible recently in advanced economies, it is shifting from a start-up support policy to a scale-up oriented policy paradigm such as ‘Scale-up America’, Scale-up UK’, ‘Scale-up Denmark’. It is necessary to enter the scale-up phase beyond the start-up phase to increase the number of high-quality jobs and to continue economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to grow the start-up into a strong medium-sized company and to lay the foundation for survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider the antecedent factors that influence the scale-up aspiration for the start-up firm to grow into a scale-up company, and empirically identifies the differences between the stages of economic development and entrepreneurs in the country. In order to accomplish the purpose, this study predicted scale-up by aspiration which is a predictor of scale-up behavior because it is difficult to achieve visible growth in a short period of time due to the characteristics of start-up companies. In order to empirically explore these relationships, the data were collected from nascent entrepreneurs who have less than 3.5 years of the Adult Population Survey(APS) among the subjects surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) and the national economic development stage are divided into Innovation-driven, Efficiency-driven, Factor-driven type economies. For the test hypotheses, this study adopted the multi-level model analysis for comparison between national economic development stages and using the R 3.5.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. There is difference between the national economic development and the entrepreneur in the relationship between innovation orientation of entrepreneurs and scale-up aspirations. As the economy of the country develops, the innovation activity of the entrepreneur becomes more active. Since start-ups are heavily influenced by entrepreneurs, there is a difference in the degree of aspiration depending on how innovative an entrepreneur is in the same environment. In terms of the relationship between innovation orientation and scale-up aspiration, the fear of failure was found to differ between national economic development and entrepreneurs. The fear of failure differ from country to country, and this is one of the important factors affecting entrepreneurial activities. It is expected that the factors influencing the growth of the start-up companies which are identified through the results of these studies, will be used to create a suitable scale-up ecosystem according to the national economic development stage.

참고문헌 (90)

  1. 일자리창출을 위한 스타트업의 스케일업과 시사점, "강준영", KDB, ~ (2017)
  2. 김수진, "예비창업자의 실패에 대한 두려움이 창업의도에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 11(3), pp.49~61 (2016), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  3. 김형준, "국가 특성이 창업활동에 미치는 영향 실증 분석", 벤처창업연구, 15(6), pp.55~65 (2020), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  4. 창업단계별 기업가정신 및 창업생태계 인식에 대한 연구: GETR를 활용한 주요 국가별 비교분석. 2017 기업가정신 기획연구 데이터 기반의 기업가정신 생태계 연구, "남정민", 한국청년기업가정신재단, ~ (2017)
  5. 문성배, "기술혁신활동의 고용효과에 관한 실증 분석: ICT기업과 비ICT기업의 비교를 중심으로", 산업조직연구, 16(1), pp.1~24 (2008), 한국산업조직학회
  6. 박원우, "다수준분석의 절차와 방법 : WABA 를 중심으로", 경영논집, 39(1), pp.59~90 (2005)
  7. 손성철, "조직 연구에서 다층모형 적용에 관한 고찰 - 위계적 선형모형(HLM) 활용을 중심으로 -", 인적자원관리연구, 20(3), pp.75~98 (2013), 한국인적자원관리학회
  8. 심연수, "IT스타트업의 전략적 지향성과 성과에 관한 연구 : 기업의 사회적 책임 지향성 조절효과", 벤처창업연구, 16(1), pp.127~138 (2021), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  9. 엄현정, "기술창업기업의 기업가 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 16(2), pp.19~34 (2021), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  10. 윤병선, "창업기업의 혁신전략과 혁신문화가 역동적 역량과 기술적 역량을 통해 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국창업학회지, 11(3), pp.45~67 (2016), 한국창업학회[DOI]
  11. 윤종록, "벤처기업의 창업가특성과 차별화전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 대한경영학회지, 22(6), pp.3693~3721 (2009), 대한경영학회
  12. 공동체자유주의 세미나 요약, 경제와 창업활성화 전략. 선진화 정책시리즈, "이민화", 254~268 (2015)
  13. 이윤재, "창업활동이 경제성장을 촉진시키는가?", 산업경제연구, 18(2), pp.653~672 (2005), 한국산업경제학회
  14. 이윤준, "대-중소기업 동반성장형 창업활성화전략", 정책연구, pp.1~208 (2014)
  15. Acemoglu, D., "Distance to frontier, selection, and economic growth", Journal of the European Economic association, 4(1), pp.37~74 (2006)
  16. Acs, Z. J., "Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions", Small business economics, 31(3), pp.219~234 (2008)
  17. Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), pp.179~211 (1991)
  18. Aldrich, H., "Organizations evolving" (1999), Sage
  19. Ali, A., "Do You See What I See? Growth Intentions as a Function of Personal Resources and Opportunity Perceptions", Kindai management review, 5, pp.60~77 (2017)
  20. Anwar ul Haq, M., "Entrepreneurial activity in China and Pakistan:a GEM data evidence", Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 6(2), pp.179~193 (2014)
  21. Arenius, P., "Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship", Small business economics, 24(3), pp.233~247 (2005)
  22. Autio, E., "Entrepreneur's exit experience and growth aspirations", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 30(5), pp.2~ (2010)
  23. Bandura, A., "Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective", Annual review of psychology, 52(1), pp.1~26 (2001)
  24. Baum, J. R., "The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth", Journal of applied psychology, 89(4), pp.587~ (2004)
  25. Beaver, G., "Innovation, entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the entrepreneurial venture", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9(1), pp.28~37 (2002)
  26. Bosma, N., "Mapping entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial attitudes in European regions", International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 7(2), pp.191~213 (2009)
  27. Branzei, O., "Strategic pathways to product innovation capabilities in SMEs", Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1), pp.75~105 (2006)
  28. Cacciotti, G., "Fear and entrepreneurship : A review and research agenda", International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), pp.165~190 (2015)
  29. Cacciotti, G., "A reconceptualization of fear of failure in entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, 31(3), pp.302~325 (2016)
  30. Çakar, N. D, "Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises : examining the effects of organizational culture and empowerment", Journal of Small Business Management, 48(3), pp.325~359 (2010)
  31. Carsrud, A., "Entrepreneurial motivatio ns : what do we still need to know?", Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), pp.9~26 (2011)
  32. Cassar, G., "Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth", Journal of Business Venturing, 21(5), pp.610~632 (2006)
  33. Conroy, D. E., "Multidimensional fear of failure measurement: The performance failure appraisal inventory", Journal of applied sport psychology, 14(2), pp.76~90 (2002)
  34. Daft, R. L, "Organization Theory and Design" (2004), Thomson South‐Western
  35. Davidsson, P., "Continued entrepreneurship: Ability, need, and opportunity as determinants of small firm growth", Journal of business venturing, 6(6), pp.405~429 (1991)
  36. Davidsson, P., "Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship & Regional Develop ment, 7(1), pp.41~62 (1995)
  37. Davidsson, P., "Conceptual and empirical challenges in the study of firm growth", Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms, 1(1), pp.39~61 (2006)
  38. Delmar, F., "The effect of small business managers’ growth motivation on firm growth : A longitudinal study", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(3), pp.437~457 (2008)
  39. Drucker, P. F., "The discipline of innovation", Harvard business review, 80, pp.95~104 (2002)
  40. Dutta, D. K., "The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based model", Journal of business venturing, 23(3), pp.307~332 (2008)
  41. Fagerberg, J, "Innovation and competitiveness", Georgia Institute of Technology, ~ (2005)
  42. Flores-Romero, M. G., "Is Entrepreneurship More about Sticking with a Firm, or about Running Several of Them? Evidence from Novice and Serial Entrepreneurs", Paper presented at the Industrial Economics Workshop (2004)
  43. Garcia, R., "The role of knowledge in resource allocation to exploration versus exploitation in technologically oriented organizations", Decision Sciences, 34(2), pp.323~349 (2003)
  44. GEM 2017, "2018 global report", GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), 2017
  45. Gilbert, B. A., "New venture growth: A review and extension", Journal of management, 32(6), pp.926~950 (2006)
  46. Goedhuys, M., "High-growth entrepreneurial firms in Africa: a quantile regression approach", Small Business Economics, 34(1), pp.31~51 (2010)
  47. Gómez-Araujo, E., "The differential impact of self-confidence, reference models and the fear of failure in young entrepreneurs", Innovar, 25(57), pp.157~174 (2015)
  48. Gray, C., "Absorptive capacity, knowledge management and innovation in entrepreneurial small firms", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior &Research, 12(6), pp.345~360 (2006)
  49. Gries, T., "Entrepreneurship and structural e conomic transformation", Small Business Economics, 34(1), pp.13~29 (2010)
  50. Hamel, G., "Innovation now!(It's the only way to win today)", Fast company, 65, pp.114~114 (2002)
  51. Hayton, J. C., "National culture and entrepreneurship : A review of behavioral research", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(4), pp.33~52 (2002)
  52. Hermans, J., "Entrepreneurial growth: Individual, firm, and region" (2015)
  53. Hessels, J., "Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers", Small Business Economics, 31(3), pp.323~339 (2008)
  54. Hitt, M. A., "Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation", Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), pp.479~491 (2001)
  55. Hult, G. T. M., "Innovativeness : Its antecedents and impact on business performance", Industrial marketing management, 33(5), pp.429~438 (2004)
  56. Hyytinen, A., "Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates?", Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4), pp.564~581 (2015)
  57. Johannessen, J. A., "Innovation as newness: what is new, how new, and new to whom?", European Journal of innovation management, 4(1), pp.20~31 (2001)
  58. Kelley, D. J., "Advantage beyond founding: The strategic use of technologies", Journal of Business Venturing, 17(1), pp.41~57 (2002)
  59. Kenny, D. A., "Dyadic data analysis" (2006), Guilford Press
  60. Kollmann, T., "Fear of failure as a mediator of the relationship between obstacles and nascent entrepreneurial activity : An experimental approach", Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), pp.280~301 (2017)
  61. Kyläheiko, K., "Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies : The role of technological capabiliti es and appropriability", International Business Review, 20(5), pp.508~520 (2011)
  62. LeBrasseur, R., "Growth momentum in the early stages of small business start-ups", International Small Business Journal, 21(3), pp.315~330 (2003)
  63. Loewenstein, G. F., "Risk as feelings", Psychological bulletin, 127(2), pp.267~268 (2001)
  64. Lumpkin, G. T., "Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle", Journal of business venturing, 16(5), pp.429~451 (2001)
  65. Macaulay, C., "Changes to self-employment in the UK : 2002 to 2003", Labour market trends, 111(12), pp.623~628 (2003)
  66. Manolova, T. S., "One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial expectancies and growth intentions of US women and men nascent entrepreneurs", Entrepreneurship &Regional Development, 24(1-2), pp.7~27 (2012)
  67. Martin, X., "Knowledge transfer capacity and its implications for the theory of the multinational corporation", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(4), pp.356~373 (2003)
  68. McClelland, E., "Following the pathway of female entrepreneurs : A six-country investigation", International journal of entrepreneurial behavior &research, 11(2), pp.84~107 (2005)
  69. McKelvie, A., "Advancing firm growth research : A focus on growth mode instead of growth rate", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(2), pp.261~288 (2010)
  70. McMullen, J. S., "Time and the entrepreneurial journey : The problems and promise of studying entrepreneurship as a process", Journal of Management Studies, 50(8), pp.1481~1512 (2013)
  71. Minniti, M., "Being in someone else's shoes: the role of gender in nascent entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, 28(2), pp.223~238 (2007)
  72. Mitchell, J. R., "Afraid of opportunity: the effects of fear of failure on entrepreneurial action", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 31(6), pp.195~209 (2011)
  73. Morgan, J., "Aspiring to succeed : A model of entrepreneurship and fear of failure", Journal of Business Venturing, 31(1), pp.1~21 (2016)
  74. Mueller, S., "What Do Entrepreneurs Actually Do? An Observational Study of Entrepreneurs' Everyday Behavior in the Start‐Up and Growth Stages", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(5), pp.995~1017 (2012)
  75. Nijssen, E. J., "Determinants of the adoption of new product development tools by industrial firms", Industrial Marketing Management, 29(2), pp.121~131 (2000)
  76. Schumpeter, J. A., "The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle", Social Science Electronic Publishing, 25(1), pp.90~91 (1934)
  77. Simpson, P. M., "Innovation orientation outcomes: The good and the bad", Journal of Business Research, 59(10-11), pp.1133~1141 (2006)
  78. Stam, E., "The dynamics of entrepreneursh ip: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data", pp.231~249 (2011)
  79. Stam, E., "The roles of R&D in new firm growth", Small Business Economics, 33(1), pp.77~89 (2009)
  80. Szirmai, A., "Entrepreneur ship, innovation, and economic development" (2011), Oxford University Press
  81. Taylor, M. Z., "Does culture still matter? : The effects of individualism on national innovation rates", Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), pp.234~247 (2012)
  82. Ucbasaran, D., "The extent and nature of opportunity identification by experienced entrepreneurs", Journal of business venturing, 24(2), pp.99~115 (2009)
  83. Valliere, D., "Entrepreneurship and economic growth: Evidence from emerging and developed countries", Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 21(5-6), pp.459~480 (2009)
  84. Vaillant, Y., "Do different institutional frameworks condition the influence of local fear of failure and entrepreneurial examples over entrepreneurial activity?", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(4), pp.313~337 (2007)
  85. Van Gelderen, M., "From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion", Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), pp.655~673 (2015)
  86. West, T. V., "The truth and bias model of judgment", Psychological Review, 118(2), pp.357~378 (2011)
  87. Wiklund, J., "Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance : a configurational approach", Journal of business venturing, 20(1), pp.71~91 (2005)
  88. Wood, M. S., "Making it personal: Opportunity individuation and the shaping of opportunity beliefs", Journal of Business Venturing, 29(2), pp.252~272 (2014)
  89. Antecedents for entrepreneurial propensity in Singapore(WP 2005-12), "Wong, P. K.", NUS Entrepreneurship Centre, ~ (2005)
  90. Zali, M. R., "The effect of necessity and opportunity driven entrepreneur ship on business growth", International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 7(2), pp.100~108 (2013)

관련 논문AI추천

액셀러레이팅과 기업가정신이 스타트업의 스케일업에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증 연구김영범, 양동우한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2021 · 제16권 제6호기업가 정신이 국가 경제성장에 미치는 영향 분석 :GEM 자료를 중심으로이민규, 이윤준한국중소기업학회 · 중소기업연구2013 · 제35권 제4호국가 특성이 창업활동에 미치는 영향 실증 분석김형준, 민태기, 오근엽, 왕정복, 디아나쉴러한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2020 · 제15권 제6호기술창업기업의 기술지향성과 시장지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향: 입지환경 조절효과를 중심으로윤재만, 최종인한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2023 · 제18권 제2호창업성장률 지표개발에 관한 탐색적 연구이철규, 최윤승한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2019 · 제14권 제4호창업생태계가 창업활동에 미치는 영향김천규, 박한나, 연주한혁신클러스터학회 · 혁신클러스터연구2023 · 제14권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)

ERIS모델 기반 창업지속요인 분석: 조직 리질리언스를 중심으로김인숙, 양지희pp. 15-29기술개발활동의 기업가적 지향성, 기술혁신역량과 기술사업화 성과와의 관계에서 조절적 효과 분석: ICT 창업기업을 중심으로배근석, 김창봉pp. 31-47산학협력 운영시스템이 기업성과에 미치는 영향 연구: 경영인식과 시스템구축, 전략운영을 중심으로박노국pp. 49-59벤처기업의 사회적정당성과 성과 간의 관계최창범, 박찬우pp. 61-74소상공인의 창업가특성과 시장특성이 디지털 리터러시를 매개로 사업성과에 미치는 영향신지민, 강희경pp. 75-89
원문 보기