Factors Related to Suboptimal Adherence to Dyslipidemia Medication: An Exploration Using Nationally Representative Databases

Abstract

Objective: Dyslipidemia is increasingly recognized as a prevalent chronic disease; however, treatment gaps and suboptimal medication adherence remain persistent challenges. Despite its clinical significance, relatively few studies have specifically addressed factors contributing to suboptimal adherence in dyslipidemia management. This study aims to identify clinical variables associated with suboptimal adherence to dyslipidemia medications. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021 and the Korea Health Panel Survey from 2018. Complex sampling analysis was applied to obtain prevalence estimates representative of the national population. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with suboptimal adherence to dyslipidemia medication. Results: Individuals with suboptimal adherence constituted 5.7% of the study population. Factors significantly associated with reduced adherence included age, duration since dyslipidemia diagnosis, and comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and depression. Additionally, sex-specific differences were noted, with depression, ischemic heart disease, and elevated hemoglobin levels impacting adherence differently by sex. Key reasons reported for suboptimal adherence included forgetting to take medication, symptom improvement, and concerns about medication-related health risks. Conclusion: This study identifies several clinical factors and reasons associated with suboptimal adherence to dyslipidemia treatment, highlighting differences within the general population and between sexes. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance adherence and achieve optimal lipid management.