『야만의 경영』을 넘어: IS의 이슬람국가와 지하드
Beyond The Management of Savagery: ISIL's Tactics on the Building of an Islamic State and Jihād
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신원미상인 아부 바크르 나지가 쓴 『야만의 경영(Idārat al-Tawaḥḥush)』은 2004년 PDF로 제작되어 온라인상에서 유통된 지하드 전사들의 필독서로, 이슬람국가 건설 지침서이다. IS(이슬람국가) 역시 이를 단체의 공식 학습과정에 포함하였다. 이 논문은 나지의 책 『야만의 경영』과 IS의 기관지 『다비끄(Dabiq)』를 비교한다. 이를 통해, IS가 나지의 이슬람국가 건설 3단계론을 보다 명료하게 5단계론으로 발전시켰고, 이슬람 전통의 전쟁수칙을 중시하라는 나지의 가르침과 달리 타크피르(takfīr) 개념과 종말론을 통해 시아에 대한 폭력을 자행함으로써 새로운 테러의 특징을 보여주고 있음을 밝힌다.
Abstract
In 2004, a PDF of a book by an unidentified Abū Bakr Nājī entitled The Management of Savagery (Idārat al-Tawaḥḥush) was circulated online as a must-read among Sunni jihādist circles. Containing detailed instructions on how to build an Islamic state, the book is said to be part of ISIL’s curriculum. Through a comparison of the book and the ISIL’s propaganda magazine Dabiq, this paper discusses the former’s influences on the latter in terms of tactics on the building of an Islamic state and jihād. In so doing, it attempts to elucidate that ISIL has gone beyond the instructions given in The Management of Savagery by developing the 2004 book’s three-stage strategy of jihād to build an Islamic state into five-stage strategy, ignoring traditional Islamic ethics of warfare, and engaging the concept of Takfīr and an apocalyptic vision, thus bringing a novel dimension to previous jihādī understandings of terrorism.
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