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문화개념에 관한 신약성경의 어원적 접근

Etymologic Approaches to the Cultural Concepts in the New Testament

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주제분류기독교신학

초록

본 논문은 역사적으로 인류학에서 발전된 문화개념을 살핀 후 ‘문화’에 상응 하는 신약성경의 용어들을 어원적으로 고찰한다. 그리고 이를 통해 복음이 제시하는 성경적 선교의 방향성을 제시한다. 먼저 시대적 흐름에 따른 문화 개념의 역사-인류학적 발전은 다음과 같다: 1) 18세기 후반의 문화고전주의 (Classicism), 2) 19세기 중반의 문화진화론주의(Evolutionism), 3) 19세기 중반 의 문화결정주의(Determinism), 4) 20세기 초중반의 기능주의(Functionalism)와 구조주의(Structuralism), 5) 20세기 후반의 문화상징주의(Symbolism). 이런 인 류학의 문화개념은 신약성경에서 나타난 세 용어에 집중한다. 그것은 ἔθνος (ethnos), ἀναστράφη(anastrophe), κόσμος(Kosmos)이다. 이 용어들은 기본적으 로 인류학이 제시하는 문화의 개념을 지닌다. 그럼에도 불구하고 신약성경 은 그 용어들 안에 함축적으로 복음이 제시되었음을 드러낸다. 따라서 이 같 은 인류학과 신약성경의 문화이해에 관한 차이는 다음과 같은 선교적 적용 을 가능케 한다. 첫째, 선교는 문화의 다양성을 인식하면서도 복음의 절대성 을 유의해야 한다. 둘째, 복음은 민족들(ἔθνη)로 하여금 죄를 회개하고 하나 님 나라를 위해 살도록 이끈다. 셋째, 세속문화와 달리 기독교의 문화는 하 나님의 거룩함을 추구한다. 넷째, 복음은 문화 속에 예수 그리스도의 성육신 적 방식으로 전해져야 한다. 그러므로 선교는 문화가 복음보다 우위에 설 수 없으며, 복음은 문화변혁을 위해 성육신적으로 문화에 전해져야 한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to anthropologically study the development of cultural concept in the history and to etymologically investigate the terms that correspond to the ‘culture’ in the New Testament of the Bible. Ultimately, this paper aims to propose the directions for the future biblical mission works as presented by the Gospel. Firstly, the historical-anthro- pological development of the cultural concepts by the chronological changes is as follows: 1) Classicism in the late 18th century, 2) Evolutionism in the mid 19th century, 3) Determinism in the mid 19th century, 4) Functionalism in the early/mid 20th century and 5) Symbolism in the late 20th century. Such anthropological concepts of the culture is represented by the three key terms in the New Testaments of the Bible: ἔθνος(ethnos), ἀναστράφη(anastrophe) and κόσμος(kosmos). The three terms reflect the basic cultural concepts presented in the anthropology. Meanwhile, in the New Testament of the Bible, these words connotatively convey the Gospel. Accordingly, the gap between the anthropological and biblical under- standing of the culture allows possibilities of missionary applications as follows. First, it is important to note the absoluteness of the Gospel while recognizing the diversity of culture on missionary works. Second, the Gospel allows the people(ἔθνη) to repent their sin and lead them to live for the reign of God. Third, the Christian culture is different from the secular culture in that it seeks for the Holiness of God. Fourth, the Gospel must be spread in accordance with the incarnation of Jesus Christ in the culture. Therefore, in the missionary scene, culture must not be superior to the Gospel, which must be transferred to the culture along with the belief of incarnation of Jesus Christ.

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